氯化钾对尼龙66的聚集态结构的影响

采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、傅立叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)方法研究KCl对尼龙66聚集态结构的影响。研究结果表明加入KCl能够明显地改变尼龙66的聚集态结构。红外光谱结果证实钾离子能够插入尼龙66分子链,与尼龙66分子链上的羰基发生配位作用,破坏尼龙66的氢键,降低了尼龙66分子链的规整性,使尼龙66的聚集态结构发生改变。尼龙66与KCl之间的这种相互作用可能为发展一种尼龙加工制造新方法提供新的机会。     

无氯钾肥的生产现状及展望

介绍了当前我国无氯钾肥（特别是硫酸钾）的生产现状及各种工艺，在此基础上展望我国硫酸钾生产和研究的方向，并提出一条新的路线－热复分解升华法制硫酸钾。     

Control for Modified University of Cape Town Process Using Oxidation-Reduction Potential in the Second Anoxic Zone

The aim of this work is to evaluate the feasibility of applying the technology of oxidation-reduction potential(ORP)control on the municipal wastewater treatment system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal.Meanwhile the relation between the optimal ORP(ORP opt)and influent C/N ratio was evaluated,in which the influent chemical oxygen demand(COD)concentration was stabilized at(290±10)mg/L,the influent total phosphorus(TP)concentration was stabilized at(7.0±0.5)mg/L.The results indicated that:(1)the ORP in the second anoxic zone had effect on nitrogen and phosphorus removal capability,and the average percentages of phosphorus uptake in ANO2zone(ηa)increased with increasing ORP,i.e.,increasing from 12.0%at-143 mV to22.0%,30.0%,37.0%,and 45.0%at-123,-111,-105 and-95 mV,respectively;(2)the ORP opt as function of influent C/N ratio could be calculated by the equation:y=252.73e(-x/3.39)-131.01;the maximum percentage of phosphorus uptake in ANO2as function of the ORP opt could be calculated by the equation:y=-0.49 e(x/15.58)+1.51.The ORP opt was the important process control parameter that must be optimized for operation of enhanced biological phosphorus removal(EBPR)system.Moreover,ORP sensor is very simple,and the industrial applications of this strategy is practical.     

Velocity and myosin phosphorylation transients in arterial smooth muscle: effects of agonist diffusion

Summary Transients in myoplasmic [Ca²⁺] and in phosphorylation of the 20,000 dalton light chain of myosin have been reported following stimulation of vascular smooth muscle by various agonists. Since these transients are rapid compared with the time required to attain a steady-state stress, agonist diffusion rates may be a significant limitation in activation. The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of agonist diffusion rates on the time course of activation as assessed by mechanical measurements of stress development and isotonic shortening velocities and by determinations of the time course of myosin phosphorylation. The approach was to measure these parameters in K⁺-stimulated preparations of the swine carotid media of varying thicknesses and to estimate the theoretical contributions imposed by diffusion rates and the presence of a diffusion boundary layer surrounding the tissue. The results show that the time course of parameters which are tissue averages such as stiffness, active stress, and myosin phosphorylation is dominated by agonist diffusion rates. The sequence of events involved in excitation-contraction coupling including agonist actions on the cell membrane, Ca²⁺ release, activation of myosin light chain kinase, and cross-bridge phosphorylation appear to be very rapid events compared with stress development. Estimates of unloaded or lightly loaded shortening velocities which are not simple tissue averages appear to provide an imporoved estimate of activation rates.Supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health 5-PO1-HL19242. K. E. Kamm was supported by a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Research Service Award HL-05957.     

复合基质类F2^＋型色心晶体初探

首次报导了复合碱卤化合物基质色心晶体材料的研究结果。在掺OH~-的KBr-KCl复合基质晶体中,成功地研究出(KBr-KCl)(?)(F_2~+)_H心激光晶体系列,开拓了色心激光材料研究的一个新领域。     

硝酸吗啉催化2,10-环氧蒎烷液相重排合成紫苏醇

研究硝酸吗啉催化的2,10-环氧蒎烷液相重排反应及其产物分布规律,主要考察了催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间对主要产物分布的影响.实验结果表明:在硝酸吗啉催化剂存在下,2,10-环氧蒎烷液相重排主要生成紫苏醇和桃金娘烯醇,产物中紫苏醇含量达65%~74%,适当升高反应温度或延长反应时间有利于紫苏醇的生成;确定了2,10-环氧蒎烷液相重排合成紫苏醇的优化条件为:催化剂用量为2,10-环氧蒎烷投料量的10%(摩尔)反应物与溶剂的体积比为1∶4,在313~318 K下反应2 h,紫苏醇产率可达74%;并对提出的反应机理进行了讨论.     

烟酰胺合硝酸钕的合成及晶体结构

合成了烟酰胺合硝酸钕的络合物。用四园衍射仪测定了它的晶体结构,用MoKa辐射收集了4008个独立衍射点,其中2597个可观察点参加了结构修正,最终偏差因子R=0.042。结果表明晶体属P2_(1/a)空间群。晶体学数据:a=7.447(1)(?),b=30.926(5)(?),c=9.152(2)(?);β=95.27°,Z=4。钕原子的配位数为10,其中2个氧来自水分子,平均Nd-O键长2.493(?);2个氧原子来自烟酰胺,平均Nd-O键长2.418(?),其余6个氧原子分别来自3个硝酸根,平均键长2.597(?)。配位多面体为一变形的双盖四方反棱柱,对络合物的红外光谱及热谱也进行了研究。     

添加剂对AN多变晶型影响研究

本文运用热分析的方法对四十余种无机、有机添加剂和几种表面活性剂及水分对硝酸铵(AN)晶型转变的影响进行了研究。结果表明这些添加剂对AN的影响应为多种因素的综合结果。     

影响蔬菜中硝酸盐积累的因素

本文论述了蔬菜体内的硝酸盐对人体健康的影响,以及影响其含量的各种因素;为如何进行蔬菜的合理栽培与食用,保障人体健康提供了依据。     

含NaCl、KCl葡萄糖水溶液的密度和粘度测定及分析

在20＝0．05、0．10、0．15、0．20、0．25的葡萄糖水溶液中加入NaCl、KCl，在293．15K-323．15K下测定了该溶液的密度及粘度。回归计算了NaCl、KCl在该体系中的密度参数及粘度B系数。结果表明，在葡萄糖含量及NaCl、KCl浓度一定的情况下，体系的密度和粘度随温度升高而减小；在同一温度及NaCl、KCl浓度下，随葡萄糖含量的增加体系的密度和粘度随之增加；两种电解质的B系数随葡萄糖含量的增加及温度的升高也增大；在此基础上进一步讨论了该体系内部溶质—溶剂、溶质—溶质间的相互作用，说明了NaCl、KCl对葡萄糖水溶液的结构会有一定的促进和破坏作用。