Supermolecular layered double hydroxides

Research progresses in the layered double hydroxides [M _(1-x ^)/2+ M _x ³⁺ (OH)₂] ^x+ A _x ^n/n− ·mH₂O intercalated with metal coordinate ions or oxometalates in the last ten years are reviewed. These layered double hydroxides are mainly intercalated with polyoxometalate (POM) ions, a LiAl-LDH photochemical assembly containing TiO₂ and CH₃(CH₂)₁₂COO⁻ anions, together with Zn(TPPC) (porphyrin derivate) and macrocyclic ligand-containing porphyrin derivate anions. Emphasis is put on the synthesis methods for intercalation of the anions into the interlayer regions, the characterization techniques and structures for the layered compounds and the newest research progress in the fields such as catalysis. The review also forecasts the prospects of the field.     

Effect of pyrophosphate on the light scatter in KDP crystal

Pyrophosphate doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystal was grown from aqueous solution by the temperature lowering method. Light scatter in KDP crystal was detected with the ultramicroscopic method. The light scatter in KDP crystal was aggravated when pyrophosphate was doped into the growth solution, which was distributed ununiformly in prism and pyramidal sectors of KDP crystal. Different effects of pyrophosphate on prism and pyramidal sectors of KDP crystal can explain this case. The transmission in this crystal was measured, showing that pyrophosphate affects the transmission evidently.     

钼系络离子［O{MoO(O2)2}2]2-插层锌铝水滑石

采用离子交换法，以锌铝碳酸根型水滑石(Zn/Al-CO₃-LDHs)为前体，进行了钼系络离子［O{MoO(O₂)₂}₂］^2-插层水滑石的研究，利用X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和元素分析等手段对插层产物结构和组成进行了分析。结果表明：离子交换法可制备出钼系络离子［O{MoO(O₂)₂}₂］^2-插层Zn/Al-CO₃-LDHs的产物，插层产物保持了原有水滑石的层状结构，而且升高温度有利于层间阴离子交换完全，从而使晶体结构趋于完整。     

K~+、NH_4~+//C l~-、SO_4~(2-)、CH_3OH-H_2O体系相图

氯化钾与硫酸铵复分解制备硫酸钾工艺具有诸多优点,但其转化率较低;在反应系统中添加有机溶剂可降低硫酸钾的溶解度,从而有效地提高转化率;以一定摩尔质量的甲醇溶液为溶剂,研究确定了25℃时K+、NH4+//C l-、SO42-、CH3OH-H2O体系相图;结果表明,该体系没有复盐生成,为简单共饱和型,反应转化率显著提高。     

双氰胺钠浸金性能与机理研究

In this work, sodium dicyanamide (SD) was used as a leaching reagent for gold recovery, and the effects of the SD dosage and solution pH on the gold-leaching performance were investigated. A gold recovery of 34.8% was obtained when SD was used as the sole leaching reagent at a dosage of 15 kg/t. In the presence of a certain amount of potassium ferrocyanide (PF) in the SD solution, the gold recovery was found to increase from 34.8% to 57.08%. Using the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D) technique, the leaching kinetics of SD with and without PF were studied. The QCM-D results indicate that the gold-leaching rate increased from 4.03 to 39.99 ng·cm–2·min–1 when the SD concentration was increased from 0 to 0.17 mol/L, and increased from 39.99 to 272.62 ng·cm–2·min–1 when 0.1 mol/L of PF was used in combination with SD. The pregnant solution in the leaching tests was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry, which indicated that Au and (N(CN)₂)– in the SD solution formed a series of metal complex ions, [AuNa_x(N(CN)₂)_x+2]– (x = 1, 2, 3, or 4).     

四川晾晒烟不同品种间钾含量及钾利用效率研究

为研究四川晾晒烟叶片中钾含量及利用效率,对50份晾晒烟的幼叶和成熟叶片中钾含量进行测定,分析了50份四川晾晒烟的钾效率差异.结果表明:50份材料中有4个品种的钾积累效率大于2.0%,分别为Y1立耳子(2.91%)、Y2二柳叶(2.42%)、Y3黑牛皮(2.23%)、Y4黑牛皮(2.19%),在这4个品种中钾利用效率高于平均值9.89g的有2个品种,即Y1立耳子、Y3黑牛皮,这2个品种为钾积累和利用高效型品种.本研究为晾晒烟的高钾育种提供了理论依据.     

钾盐电镀锌－镍合金工艺的研究

通过对光亮剂的大量筛选．研制成功一种钾盐无援电镀锌－镍合金新工艺．其镀层性能和铵盐电镀锌－镍合金镀层相当．而且镀液性能良好。废水处理简单．成本低．     

Cu电极上膜形成及其结构的非现场红外反射吸收光谱电化学研究(Ⅰ)

用电化学循环伏安法和非现场红外反射吸收光谱方法研究了1mol/L NaOH,1mol/L NaOH+0.01 mol/L K_4Fe(CN)_6+0.01mol/L K_3Fe(CN)_6和1mol/L NaNO_3+0.01mol/L K_4Fe(CN)_6+0.01mol/L K_3Fe(CN)_6介质中Cu电极的电化学性能及表面钝化膜的结构。