Effect of New O-Superfamily Conotoxin on Voltage-Activated Currents of Hippocampal Neurons

The effects of a new O-superfamily conotoxin, SO3, on sodium current (INa), transient A-type potassium currents (IA), and delayed rectified potassium currents (IK), were examined in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using the whole-cell patch clamp technique. Addition of SO3 caused a concentration-dependent, rapidly developing, and reversible inhibition of voltage-activated currents. The IC50 values for the blockage of INa, IA, and IK were calculated as 0.49, 33.9, and 7.6 μmol/L, respectively. The determined Hill coefficients were 1.7, 0.6, and 1.2, respectively. These results indicate that SO3 can selectively inhibit neuronal sodium and potassium currents.     

喹啉的极谱催化波及其应用

在0.15mol／L HAc-NaAc(pH 4.4)-0.016mol／L KIO3支持电解质中,喹啉产生-灵敏的极谱催化波,蜂电流比其相应的极谱波增大30余倍,峰电位为-1.14V(vs.SCE).该极谱催化波的二阶导数峰电流与其浓度在1.0×10-4-3.5×10-4 mol／L范围内呈线性关系,检测下限为2.0×10-5mol／L,该方法可用于微量喹啉的测定,其灵敏度比无KIO3存在时提高了近一个数量级.     

新型钾盐结晶器内部流场模拟及性能预测

由于钾盐结晶器内部流动的复杂性及流域的多态性,通过实验测量很难得到其流场形态。应用计算流体力学仿真技术,对某新型钾盐结晶器在连续结晶过程中形成的流场进行数值模拟,模拟连续结晶过程的晶体悬浮及固液相混合流动状态,得到了结晶器在不同搅拌速度下的内部流场速度分布、流线图、压力分布及固相悬浮状态分布等信息。模拟结果表明,搅拌速度对结晶器内部的流场分布具有明显的影响,通过比较流场特征确定能够使此新型结晶器运行经济合理的搅拌速度为40～45 r/min,与厂家的测试结果相吻合。本文研究结果可为确定结晶器合适的电机功率奠定基础,为结晶器在不同搅拌速度下的性能预测提供参考依据。     

电化学合成重铬酸钾阳极的制备和电催化性能

针对电化学合成重铬酸钾绿色新技术,采用涂层自组装方法制备了钛基铱氧化物中间层钌铱钛氧化物复合电极(Ti/IrO_2/RuO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2).利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射分析了电极的微观结构和表面形貌,并采用循环伏安法研究了电极的电催化性能.结果表明,电极表面RuO_2-IrO_2-TiO_2柱状结晶规则均匀,并有明显空隙.电极在阳极液中析氧过电位较低,并具有稳定的较高的电催化活性.     

Sonochemical synthesis of nanostructured nickel hydroxide as an electrode material for improved electrochemical energy storage application

A facile and fast approach for the synthesis of a nanostructured nickel hydroxide(Ni(OH)_2) via sonochemical technique is reported in the present study. The X-ray diffraction results confirmed that the synthesized Ni(OH)_2 was oriented in β-phase of hexagonal brucite structure. The nanostructured Ni(OH)_2 electrode exhibited the maximum specific capacitance of 1256 F/g at a current density of 200 mA/g in 1 M KOH_((aq)). Ni(OH)_2 electrodes exhibited the pseudocapacitive behavior due to the presence of redox reaction. It also exhibited long-term cyclic stability of 85% after 2000 cycles, suggesting that the nanostructured Ni(OH)_2 electrode will play a promising role for high performance supercapacitor application.     

石膏不同组份对孔隙率的影响

通过多种方式配制石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)并测定其垂直吸水高度h、在水平状态下的输水速度u、孔隙率η及平均孔隙半径等物理性质,发现多孔介质石膏的上述特性与配制方法关系极大。石膏是由CaSO4加适量的水而形成2水硫酸钙(CaSO4·2H2O),随水量增加孔隙率增大而其强度下降。在水中加入少量柠檬酸钾配制时,会大大改善其多孔介质性能,垂直吸水高度、水平输水速度及孔隙率可分别达到：120 cm、4.2 mm/min及69.4%,可以作为毛细吸液芯辐射板的内填充物使用。     

季铵碱水溶液中微波辅助制备纳米ZnO

以四丁基氢氧化铵、四乙基氢氧化铵和四甲基氢氧化铵等季铵碱水溶液为反应体系,Zn(Ac2)和NaOH为原料,微波辅助制备了球状、圆片状、细长薄片状及多脚状等纳米ZnO;对样品进行了XRD和SEM表征,分析了微波辅助下纳米ZnO的可能生长过程.结果表明:季铵阳离子能有效屏蔽晶核;季铵碱浓度越高,OH-浓度越高,或者前驱体Zn(OH)42-浓度越低,则样品粒径越小且越趋于球状.     

无患子细根形态及垂直分布特征对配方施肥措施的响应

【目的】探究不同施肥处理下无患子细根垂直分布特征与形态差异,以及氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)对细根生长的影响及其交互作用,为中国南方地区广泛种植的生物质能源树种无患子的科学培育提供支撑。【方法】以福建省三明市建宁县 8年生无患子原料林为研究对象,对N、P、K肥料各设置 3个水平,采用“3414”随机区组设计进行配方施肥试验,共 14个处理,以不施肥为对照(CK),设置 3个区组,共 42个处理小区,每小区 5株作为重复。分别在2015年生长季末、2016年花期前、2016年果实迅速生长期按照配比开沟施 3次肥料,2016年12月在每个处理小区选取 4株平均标准木样株,在距树1 m处分 3层(0~20 cm、≥20~40 cm、≥40~60 cm)采集林地土柱样品,研究各处理 3层土壤内的细根分布规律及细根形态。【结果】无患子细根主要分布在0~20 cm土层,呈各土层逐层递减的规律,0~20 cm土层细根生物量(fine root biomass, FRB)及根长密度(fine root length density, FRLD)是 ≥20~40 cm土层的1.51~2.52倍和1.82~2.25倍,是 ≥40~60 cm土层的6.29~13.17倍和6.03~9.31倍。无患子FRB、FRLD、细根表面积(fine root surface area, FRSA)及细根平均直径(fine root average diameter, FRAD)均随着N、P、K施肥量的增加呈先增加后平缓降低的变化趋势,而细根比根长(fine specific root length, SRL)随着施肥量的增加表现为先降低再急剧增加而后平稳降低的变化规律。对根系促进效果最佳的N2P2K2处理在0~20 cm土层的FRB及FRLD较不施肥(CK)分别显著提高了152%和164%,≥20~40 cm土层较不施肥(CK)分别显著提高了242%和161%,≥40~60 cm土层较CK分别显著提高了385%和135%。【结论】无患子FRB、FRLD和FRSA在0~60 cm土层范围内逐层递减,有明显的垂直分布特点。在缺P条件下施用N肥和K肥对无患子根系生长影响效果较小,需要在一定范围内增加土壤养分有效性以促进无患子细根生长及生物量积累。施肥量较为充足时,无患子能够根据 ≥40~60 cm土层土壤养分资源有效性调整细根分布结构,以充分吸收养分。N和P的交互作用对FRB、FRLD、FRAD和SRL的影响达极显著水平,与无患子细根生长的相关性较大。在配方施肥处理下无患子细根生长的拟合模型分析基础上建议施N肥693 kg/hm²、施P肥321 kg/hm²、施K肥432 kg/hm²。     

铝酸钠溶液中苛性碱、碳酸碱和氧化铝含量的连续测定

利用自动电位滴定法, 选择葡萄糖酸钠配合铝酸钠溶液中的铝, 在滴定碱总量时保持氢氧化铝稳定而不沉淀析出, 不干扰测定. 再以氟化钾置换配合铝酸钠溶液中的铝, 同时放出与铝等化学计量的OH-, 通过酸碱滴定, 实现了在铝酸钠溶液中对苛性碱、 碳酸碱和氧化铝含量的连续测定. 此方法操作简便、 快速, 数据准确可靠.     

Direct inhibition of phospholipid scrambling activity in erythrocytes by potassium ions

The exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) at the cell surface plays a critical role in blood coagulation and serves as a macrophage recognition moiety for the engulfment of apoptotic cells. Previous observations have shown that a high extracellular [K⁺] and selective K⁺ channel blockers inhibit PS exposure in platelets and erythrocytes. Here we show that the rate of PS exposure in erythrocytes decreases by ~50% when the intracellular [K⁺] increases from 0 to physiological concentrations. Using resealed erythrocyte membranes, we further show that lipid scrambling is inducible by raising the intracellular [Ca²⁺] and that K⁺ ions have a direct inhibitory effect on this process. Lipid scrambling in resealed ghosts occurs in the absence of cell shrinkage and microvesicle formation, processes that are generally attributed to Ca²⁺-induced lipid scrambling in intact erythrocytes. Thus, opening of Ca²⁺-sensitive K⁺ channels causes loss of intracellular K⁺ that results in reduced intrinsic inhibitory effect of these ions on scramblase activity. Received 11 September 2008; received after revision 17 October 2008; accepted 27 October 2008