本体光接枝制备温敏核孔膜

以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)为单体,二苯甲酮(BP)为引发剂,采用本体光接枝方法制备了具有温度敏感特性的PET核孔膜。FTIR-ATR和SEM证明,接枝主要在膜的向光表面进行,膜的背光侧和膜孔内没有接枝。接枝过程中,增大光强和增加引发剂在反应混合物中的比例有利于提高接枝程度;常温下,接枝程度随反应时间的延长呈线性增长;随着反应温度的升高,接枝程度迅速增加,90s后增加趋于平缓;提高反应温度可以显著的提高接枝程度,但是当温度高于单体熔点时,接枝程度反而大幅降低。膜表面的接枝链对膜孔产生封盖,从而影响膜的滤过特性。通量测试表明,接枝膜在较高接枝程度时,水通量在30～35℃附近有跃升现象,接枝膜具有温敏特性。     

流体内压作用下封闭筒壳内力分析

采用无矩理论,对承受流体内压的椭圆形截面封闭筒壳作了内力分析.通过分析内力沿纵向和周向的变化曲线,指出在两端简支条件下,纵向拉压力T11为主要内力,其最大值为平错力S最大值的7倍多;在截面的中和轴附近T11为压力,远离中和轴T11转变为拉力.平错力S沿周向的分布类似于正弦曲线,以截面中和轴为界改变S的符号,这种内力分布导致截面产生翘曲变形.周向内力T22无论沿纵向还是在周向都是拉力,其变化平缓,数值与T11和S相比甚微,不会成为设计中考虑的控制因素.     

光线对高速运动粒子的一种效应

通过对物理模型的讨论,对垂直光线高速运动的中性粒子所受光压进行分析,得出当粒子速度增高时,其所受光压也增高的结论.     

沙区人工固沙植物水分适宜度模糊数学模型及应用

以固沙植物油蒿和柠条为研究对象，探讨了样区土壤水分变化的模糊属性特征；运用模糊数学方法，建立了水分适宜度的概念及其模型，并进行实例计算与分析．结果表明：柠条在单播情况下随着营林密度的升高，其适宜度值呈现下降趋势；混播比单播具有较高的适宜度值，其中以5000株/hm^2混播下适宜度最高，植被覆盖率最大，是值得推广的一种营林方式．试验条件下，植被覆盖率高者，其适宜度亦高，二者呈现出一致性．文中分析了油蒿与柠条对水分竞争与共存的机理，有关结论为人工固沙林稳定发展提供了科学依据．     

Technical Breakthroughs in the Construction of TGP

1Introduction　TheThreeGorgesProject(TGP)isavitalbackboneprojectinthedevelopingandharnessingoftheYangtzeRiver.Asamulti purposehydro developmentprojectthatcanproducecomprehensivebenefitsmainlyinfloodcontrol,powergenerationandnavigationimprovement,TGPwillexertasignificantimpactonthenationalsocio economicdevelopmentofChinaafteritscompletion .Withthenormalpoollevel (NPL)at1 75m ,thereservoirhasatotalstoragecapacityof39 3billionm3 .Theprojectiscom posedofadam ,twopowerplantsandnavigationfacil…     

Key Technical Issues of TGP Permanent Shiplock

1Keytechnicalissuesinthegenerallayoutofnavi gationstructures　ThegenerallayoutofTGPnavigationstructuresischaracterizedbyabigdis chargeatthedam ,ahighcontentofsedimentinflowandcomplicatedgeog raphyatthedamsite ,whereisneces sarybothtosolvethesedimentationandflowconditionfornavigationandtodealwiththerelationshipbetweennavigationstructuresontheonehandandpowergenerationandfloodcontrolontheoth er.1 1Selectionofthedamsiteandthearrangementoftheaxisoftheproject　Thegenerallayoutofthenavigationstruct…     

Progress in the study of tectophysicochemistry

Tectophysicochemistry is a research area that deals with the interrelations between physical and chemical changes of crustal materials caused by tectonism. A given tectonic force may be resolved into two parts: homogeneous stress and differential stress. Homogeneous stress refers to isotopic pressure, which is superimposed on the original pressure and affects the equilibrium of various chemical reactions. It is also a factor that influences petrogenesis,metallogenesis and metamorphism. Differential stress is commonly produced when external forces act on a given solid body. It may cause deformation of crustal materials and generate various kinds of structural features. Tectophysicochemistry pays special attention to pressure, temperature and other physicochemical conditions produced or induced by tectonism and studies the influences of additional tectonic parameters on various chemical equilibria, so it gradually develops into an independent area of science.     

呼气未正压通气治疗急性肺水肿

目的:评价呼气末正压通气(PEEP)治疗急性肺水肿的临床疗效。方法:30例急性肺水肿患者,在药物治疗基础上,加用PEEP(3～8cmH_2O)机械通气治疗,对比治疗前后血压(BP)、呼吸(R)、心率(HR)、氧饱和度(SaO_2)等动脉血气指标及胸片变化,同时与30例常规药物治疗组进行对比。结果:经PEEP机械通气治疗0.5～1h后,29例呼吸频率减慢、心率减慢,氧饱和度上升,血气指标好转,心功能改善,仅一例无效死亡。总有效率96.67％。结论:呼气末正压通气是治疗急性肺水肿快速、有效的方法。     

边水驱油藏调剖技术

针对边水驱油藏的地质及开发特点 ,提出了边水调剖技术 ,同时对调剖井点的选择、调剖剂的筛选、调剖剂用量的确定、调剖施工工艺等配套技术进行了研究。通过向优选的调剖井注入调剖剂 ,可以控制边水的侵入方向和推进速度 ,从而增大波及系数 ,提高最终采收率。 2 0 0 0年 5月到 1 1月 ,对高 1 0 4 5区块 8口井进行了边水调剖试验 ,共注入调剖剂 1 851 6m3。调剖后 ,内部井的含水率下降、产量回升 ,明显提高了区块的采收率。数值模拟预测结果表明 ,调剖增油超过 70 0 0t,投入产出比大于 1∶2。     

Optimal Dispatching of Large—scale Water Supply System

This paper deals with the use of optimal control techniques in large-scale water distribution networks. According to the network characteristics and actual state of the water supply system in China, the implicit model, which may be solved by utilizing the hierarchical optimization method,is established. In special, based on the analyses of the water supply system containing variable-speed pumps, a software tool has been developed successfully. The application of this model to the city of Shenyang (China) is compared to experiential strategy. The results of this study show that the developed model is a very promising optimization method to control the large-scale water sup-ply systems.