Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

中国沙棘平茬萌蘖种群的生物量动态

 平茬萌蘖是中国沙棘种群更新的有效方式,但其中的生态学机制并不清楚,为此,以样地每木检尺资料为基础,以 "空间差异代替时间变化法"及"样地编年序列法"原理为依据、以生物量投资与分配为指标,探讨了中国沙棘平茬更新的生态学机制.结果表明:① 中国沙棘平茬萌蘖种群及其构件生物量积累过程均符合Logistic方程,可分为慢、快、慢3个阶段,但构件之间的生物量投资与分配具有明显差异;② 通过构件之间的生物量投资与分配调节,中国沙棘实现了平茬后的萌蘖更新,尤其是萌蘖根的生物量投资具有"前置效应"和"主导效应";③ 地上与地下构件的生物量分配具有互补效应,即地下分配比例大时则地上分配比例小.因此,种群实施萌蘖更新过程中,必须在繁殖与生长之间做出权衡.     

筼筜湖大型海藻群落的几种藻栖端足类的种群动态研究

研究了2007年11月至2008年5月期间筼筜湖大型海藻群落几种藻栖端足类的种群动态.结果显示,筼筜湖藻栖的端足类主要有:上野蜾蠃蜚(Corophium uenoi)、日本大螯蜚(Grandidierella japonica)、强壮藻钩虾(A mpithoe vali-da)、平掌拟钩虾(Grammaropsis laevipalmata)和尖额麦秆虫(Caprella panantis).但不同时期、不同藻丛,端足类的种类组成和丰度存在差异.条浒苔(Enteromorpha clathrata)主导的藻丛,主要出现在2007年11月至2008年1月,上野蜾蠃蜚和日本大螯蜚是丰度最高的两种端足类,它们在11月达到丰度的最大值,分别为3.22×104和1.07×104m-2.细基江蓠繁枝变种(Gracilarla tenuistipitatavar.liui)和根枝藻(Rhizocloniumsp.)主导的藻丛分别出现在2008年1—3月和3—5月,上野蜾蠃蜚是其中最优势的端足类,但丰度较低.石莼(Ulva lactuca)主导的藻丛在整个调查期间都有分布,端足类以上野蜾蠃蜚和强壮藻钩虾为主,丰度在3月最高,分别为11.59×104和1.20×104m-2,而后迅速下降.不过,在石莼主导的藻丛,端足类的丰度和大型海藻生物量之间的变化并不同步,而是存在一个月的滞后,据推测,可能是由于大型海藻啃食者(如强壮藻钩虾)的滞后造成的.     

空间非齐次性和扩散行为对种群规模的影响

研究空间环境资源的非齐次和物种的扩散行为对于生物种群的影响.对一个单一物种的模型,结果表明:(1)空间环境的非齐次性能使种群规模变大;(2)总的种群规模会在适度的扩散速率的情况下达到最大值,而极端(过大或过小)的情形会对种群规模产生不利的影响,因此总的种群规模不是关于扩散速率的单调函数.     

基于变异系数的我国城市化地域差异演变研究

利用我国26个省会城市和4个直辖市的市辖区1998～2007年的非农人口和建成区面积统计数据,采用增长率和变异系数等指标对中国的城市化水平格局及地域差异变化进行研究.结果表明:研究期内我国东部城市化水平差异一直明显高于中、西部地区,但东中西部的差异有所缩小;城市化速率呈现明显的地域差异,2003年之前东部城市化速度最快...     

浅析河南省城市化的制约因素及对策

从人口流动机制、产业基础、基础设施建设、相关制度安排等方面,探讨了制约河南省城市化水平提高的不利因素,并对其的改进对策和措施进行了论述。     

实行计划生育人口复杂巨系统的数学模型

提出了实行计划生育人口复杂巨系统的数学模型 ,它是一组无穷维分布参数一阶线性偏微分方程系统 .该模型含有孩次、节育及绝育等与计划生育有关的系数 ,而 Sharpe-Lotka模型没有 ,因此本文所提出的模型克服了 Sharpe-Lotka模型简单粗糙的不足 .     

生物种群Logistic扩展模型灰色增量生成参数辨识方法及应用

提出 Logistic扩展模型 LM(n,1 )的一般形式 ,将内禀增长率 r扩展为具有复合振动特征的时变参数项 ,相应参数的生物、生态学意义明确 .基于灰色 GM (n,1 )微分动态建模原理 ,按离散数据序列特点 ,探索出灰色高阶增量动态 GMS(n,1 )建模原理与方法 ,为 LM (n,1 )模型及若干生长曲线模拟提供了有效、规范的参数辨识方法 .GMS(n,1 )模型的信息包容量丰富 ,适用范围广 .实际模拟结果表明精度极高     

改进的遗传规划研究

针对遗传规划中群体规模较大。收敛效率较低等特点,提出了对传统遗传规划中初始群体的生成方法的改进．使生成的初始群体具有良好的性能,从而提高遗传规划的收敛效率．通过对两个函数进行符号回归验证,说明此方法是合理可行的．     

Non-invasive genetic study and population monitoring of the brown bear (Ursus arctos) (Mammalia: Ursidae) in Kastoria region – Greece

The brown bear (Ursus arctos) in Greece is considered endangered but little is known about the genetic status and the exact size of local populations. Non-invasive genetic sampling was used in this study to investigate the genetic diversity and genetic structure of the brown bear population in the Kastoria region (northwest Macedonia, Greece) and to estimate its population size. Estimation of demographic parameters was based on innovative, well-evaluated methods that can provide estimates from a single sampling session. DNA was extracted from hairs, scat and blood samples and subsequent amplification of 10 microsatellite loci allowed the identification of a minimum number of 75 living bears in the study area while the mark–recapture-based analysis resulted in a point estimation of 219 individuals. Relatively high diversity values, lack of heterozygosity deficiency as well as estimated effective population size, support the Kastoria bear population having good conservation status.