Scientists and their cultural heritage: Knowledge,politics and ambivalent relationships

For many years, scientific heritage has received attention from multiple actors from different spheres of activity—archives, museums, scientific institutions. Beyond the heterogeneity revealed when examining the place of scientific heritage in different places, an authentic patrimonial configuration emerges and takes the form of a nebula of claims and of accomplishments that result, in some cases, in institutional and political recognition at the national level, in various country all around the world. At the international level, the creation of the international committee dedicated to University Museums and Collections (UMAC) within the International Council of Museums (ICOM) certainly testified from this raising interest in academic heritage and the existence of a specific community concern with it.This article presents numerous initiatives for the preservation of scientific heritage in France, with the goal of analysing the relationship scientists have with their heritage. We argue that scientific communities have a special relationship with heritage, which is characterized by a number of ambiguities. We show that such ambivalences allow analysis of identity, discipline, professional, and social issues operative in defining heritage and being redefined by heritage. To explore these dimensions, we have chosen to present three different case studies. The first traces the institutional uses of heritage by a scientific institution, the Commissariat à l’énergie atomique (CEA), through the transformation of the first French atomic reactor (ZOE) into a museum. The second example describes the initiatives of French astronomers from the mid-1990s to construct a national programme for the protection of astronomy heritage. Lastly, we recount the case of universities, with the example of the Université de Strasbourg.     

澳大利亚的科技管理体系初探

自2007年澳大利亚联邦政府设置了“创新、工业和科研部(DIISR)”,较传统科技管理体系,现今澳大利亚的科技管理体系发生了重大变革.本文重点介绍了新时期澳大利亚的“单核心多元科技管理体系”——绝对核心,各决策咨询机构和政府科研机构.     

韩国科技管理体制发展与演变探析

自20世纪60年代以来,韩国的科技发展取得了巨大的成就,其科技管理体制发挥了重要的作用.针对韩国科技管理体制形成与发展演变过程中经历的科技管理体系初步形成,以科技部为宏观管理决策部门的集中协调型管理体制,以及李明博政府对科技管理体制的重大调整等三个重要阶段进行了系统的分析研究,并对韩国科技管理体制的特点进行了总结和讨论.     

I am knowledge. Get me out of here! On localism and the universality of science

It has become increasingly common in historiography of science to understand science and its products as inherently local. However, this orientation is faced with three problems. First, how can one explain the seeming universality of contemporary science? Second, if science is so reflective of its local conditions of production, how can it travel so effortlessly to other localities and even globally? And third, how can scientific knowledge attain validity outside its context of origin? I will argue that the notion of standardization and theories of delocalization manage to explain the ‘globality’ of science, but that localism denies ‘universality’ if it is understood non-spatially. Further, localism limits the validity of scientific knowledge unacceptably inside the laboratory walls or other boundaries of knowledge creation. This is not consistent with scientific practice. I will consider on what grounds extra-local knowledge inferences that transcend the boundaries of locality could be seen as justified.     

李大钊在图书馆学理论方面的贡献

李大钊的图书馆教育思想是中国现代图书馆思想的萌芽。介绍了李大钊对北京大学图书馆进行全面改革的几项措施,阐述了李大钊如何利用图书馆阵地传播马克思列宁主义。     

以科学就业观念促进硕士研究生就业

硕士研究生就业难的现状,是关系到民生的一个重要课题,如何缓解就业难的问题,不仅应该在政府宏观调控和高校改革及积极采取的促进就业措施等客观方面着眼,硕士研究生本身更应该调整出积极的心态面对就业难的现实,提早为就业做出相应的心理准备,充分利用所在学校和社会的资源,打造自己的综合素质,树立科学的就业观念,以顺利实现自己的人生价值。     

典型信息法：中西文化互补与科学技术创新案例

记述笔者提出"典型信息法"假说,以中西文化互补的一种新形式,初步解决当代一项科学技术难题,经大量应用验证,得到国内外承认的心路历程;为中国传统文化与"象思维"在当代科学技术原始性创新中的关键作用,提供一个案例.     

开展幼儿科学活动的思考

提高全体国民的科学素质是教育改革的主要任务,因为没有高科学素质的人,社会就不能进入高科技时代,就不能得到可持续发展.而这一切都要从幼儿抓起,从娃娃抓起.文章以此为背景,阐述了幼儿科学活动的重要性以及科学活动对幼儿教师提出的新要求,并说明了培养幼师学生科学活动能力的方法.     

高分子科学实验课程的综合性改进

天津城市建设学院高分子实验课题组在原有高分子实验课程的基础上，从系统化、模块化、综合化的角度出发，对实验内容进行了综合性改进，突出了知识点之间的内在联系，使学生对知识点有了更深入全面的了解，锻炼和提高了学生的综合实践能力和主动探索精神，使高分子科学实验在新的形势下能够适应培养综合型人才的需要。     

论农村科学传播在媒体嬗变中的问题和对策

农村科学传播正在从传统媒体格局向变革时代的媒体格局转变,这一过程中既有问题存在,也蕴藏着机遇,为此,提出农村科学传播对策:应针对家庭中的主要劳动力进行传播;应尝试进行产业化运作;需要政府扶持;加大科普法执法力度.