材料科学与工程专业综合实验的教学改革与实践

针对人才培养及专业特点，开设了应用型、模块化、综合性的材料科学与工程专业综合实验，经过改革和实践，在培养学生综合实践能力和创新意识等方面取得了较好的效果，同时也提出了进一步改革和完善的设想。     

Study of the Influence of Parent-brand Similarity,Association,and Complimentary Fit on Co-brand Attributes

In this paper,it investigates the factors affecting successive brand alliance in which two brands from different product categories are featured together to introduce a co-brand.Based on the brand alliance theories,the degree of association,similarity,and complimentary fit between parents brands are important factors in determining successive brand alliance.By using the 5P's,which are premium price,perceived quality,product features,performance,and perceived image,as the measuring scale in brand attributes ...     

近五年来中国现代科学家研究述评

科学家研究是中国现代科技史研究的进路和重要内容。本文以近五年来六种期刊发表的科学家研究论文为例,对学界对此问题的研究做简单述评,并认为应该加强科学思想史的研究。     

公理·规则·公德——儒家私德与墨家公德之伦理辨析

通过对孔孟儒家私德伦理与墨子墨家公德伦理的比较研究,发现科学理性之缺失是儒家私德伦理陷入现代困境及其深层悖论的根源;而墨家科学理性的优势,在其兼相爱和交相利公德伦理体系建构中,起到了价值观和方法论的奠基作用。并指出:规则是社会公德的核心,遵循和崇尚规则以及公平竞争和合作,既是一种科学精神,又是一种公德精神,在当今中国社会发展和公德建设中亟待振兴。     

Ordinary language philosophy,explanation, and the historical turn in philosophy of science

Taking a cue from remarks Thomas Kuhn makes in 1990 about the historical turn in philosophy of science, I examine the history of history and philosophy of science within parts of the British philosophical context in the 1950s and early 1960s. During this time, ordinary language philosophy's influence was at its peak. I argue that the ordinary language philosophers' methodological recommendation to analyze actual linguistic practice influences several prominent criticisms of the deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation and that these criticisms relate to the historical turn in philosophy of science. To show these connections, I primarily examine the work of Stephen Toulmin, who taught at Oxford from 1949 to 1954, and Michael Scriven, who completed a dissertation on explanation under Gilbert Ryle and R.B. Braithwaite in 1956. I also consider Mary Hesse's appeal to an ordinary language-influenced account of meaning in her account of the role of models and analogies in scientific reasoning, and W.H. Watson's Wittgensteinian philosophy of science, an early influence on Toulmin. I think there are two upshots to my historical sketch. First, it fills out details of the move away from logical positivism to more historical- and practice-focused philosophies of science. Second, questions about linguistic meaning and the proper targets and aims of philosophical analysis are part and parcel of the historical turn, as well as its reception. Looking at the philosophical background during which so-called linguistic philosophers also had a hand in bringing these questions to prominence helps us understand why.     

软科学作为一个学科门类何以可能

软、硬科学区分的哲学基础是“实证”.软科学从产生以来经历了由科学学到科学社会学,再扩展到科技与社会的历程,科技与社会是软科学的基本研究领域.软科学的三个特点决定它的理论体系具有三个维度,软科学学术队伍可分为三个群体,生存困境产生的原因是学科定位不明确.软科学的学科建设要和科学技术学的学科建设结合起来,这是学界的共识,也是构建和谐社会的要求.     

A new twist to the No Miracles Argument for the success of science

J. D. Trout has recently developed a new defense of scientific realism, a new version of the No Miracles Argument. I critically evaluate Trout's novel defense of realism. I argue that Trout's argument for scientific realism and the related explanation for the success of science are self-defeating. In the process of arguing against the traditional realist strategies for explaining the success of science, he inadvertently undermines his own argument.     

Practicality, Positionality, and Emancipation: Reflections on Participatory Action Research with a Watershed Partnership

In the last few decades, there has been a trend towards increased stakeholder and public participation in natural resource management in North America. To a certain extent, the rationale for this trend is found in the complexity and uncertainty of environmental issues, which confront us with the coexistance of multiple legitimate values and perspectives in society. Recognizing this “epistemological plurality” has important implications for both policy and science. In this paper, I critically reflect on my experiences as a doctoral student engaged in participatory action research (PAR) with a watershed partnership in Ontario, Canada. In providing this biographical account, I seek to make a contribution to ongoing discussions regarding the nature, challenges and benefits of this methodological approach for academic research, as well as to emerging debates on PAR in the context of environmental governance and “post-normal” approaches to natural resource management.

The silence of the norms: The missing historiography of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

History has been disparaged since the late 19th century for not conforming to norms of scientific explanation. Nonetheless, as a matter of fact a work of history upends the regnant philosophical conception of science in the second part of the 20th century. Yet despite its impact, Kuhn’s Structure has failed to motivate philosophers to ponder why works of history should be capable of exerting rational influence on an understanding of philosophy of science. But all this constitutes a great irony and a mystery. The mystery consists of the persistence of a complete lack of interest in efforts to theorize historical explanation. Fundamental questions regarding why an historical account could have any rational influence remain not merely unanswered, but unasked. The irony arises from the fact that analytic philosophy of history went into an eclipse where it remains until this day just around the time that the influence of Kuhn’s great work began to make itself felt. This paper highlights puzzles long ignored regarding the challenges a work of history managed to pose to the epistemic authority of science, and what this might imply generally for the place of philosophy of history vis-à-vis the problems of philosophy.