Bioassay for hamster macrophage chemotaxis: application to study particle-lung interactions

Attraction of lung macrophages to particle deposition sites has been demonstrated in different animal species. We reported a threefold increase of the number of macrophages to occur within 40 min after polystyrene particle deposition in hamster airways [Geiser et al. (1994) Am. J. Respir. Cell Mol. Biol. 160: 594–603]. Complement-derived chemotactic activity is one of the mechanisms postulated for macrophage recruitment. It was the aim of this study to test whether complement-derived chemotactic activity is involved in the rapid recruitment of macrophages to the site of deposited polystyrene particles in hamster airways. We first developed an in vitro cell migration assay for hamster macrophages to assess complement-derived chemotaxis. Second, the bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of four hamsters that had inhaled aerosols of polystyrene microspheres were tested for chemotactic activity by this bioassay and compared with BALF of four sham-exposed hamsters. Chemotactic response of macrophages was found toward complement-activated hamster serum, whereas macrophage migration was not increased toward BALF of particle and sham-exposed hamsters. In contrast, macrophage migration to BALF of both groups was reduced by 1.6-fold. Thus, the stimulus for macrophage recruitment to the site of deposited polystyrene particles in hamster airways could not be demonstrated using this bioassay. Received 10 September 1997; received after revision 24 November 1997; accepted 10 December 1997     

微悬浮聚合法合成聚苯乙烯磁性微球

采用微悬浮聚合制备了聚苯乙烯磁性微球（简称磁球）。在苯乙烯磁流体中加入引发剂和交联剂,然后将此磁流体分散在水中,经过高速剪切乳化,形成较稳定的微悬浮液,然后进行聚合,可合成0.4μm-6μm,主要分布在0.7μm-2.0μm的磁性微球。利用激光粒度分布仪、透射电镜（TEM）以及热重仪（TG）研究了引发剂用量、初始单体用量、聚合温度、磁粉用量、二乙烯苯（DVB）用量等因素对磁球的粒径大小及其分布、凝结量以及磁含量的影响。     

聚苯乙烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷接枝共聚物的合成及性能

通过苯乙烯与聚二甲基硅氧烷大单体进行自由基本体聚合反应,合成了不同有机硅含量的聚二甲基硅氧烷接枝聚苯乙烯共聚物,通过红外、核磁、凝胶色谱、动态力学分析、热失重、透射电镜等一系列分析手段表征了该接枝共聚物。对接枝共聚物的力学性能进行测试,结果表明：共聚物的冲击强度和断裂延伸率随有机硅含量的增加而提高,热稳定性也较聚苯乙烯有一定程度的提高。     

Preparation and chiral recognition of new chiral stationary phases derived from cellulose microspheres

A new way to prepare cellulose-type chiral stationary phases (CSPs) has been established in the present work.Cellulose microspheres with a volume-average diameter of 11.5 m were prepared by an emulsion-solidification method.Three new CSPs were obtained by crosslinking the cellulose microspheres with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC),and then modifying the crosslinked microspheres with 4-methylbenzoyl chloride,3,5-dimethylbenzoyl chloride and 3,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride,respectively.The microspheres and the CSPs were characterized by FT-IR,element analysis and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM).The chiral recognition ability of the CSPs was evaluated with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The chromatographic results demonstrate that the CSP prepared from 3,5-dichlorobenzoyl chloride possesses better chiral recognition ability compared with two other CSPs.     

分散聚合法制备含环氧基团的磁性高分子微球

在Fe3O4磁流体的存在下,以苯乙烯(St)、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)为聚合单体,使用分散聚合法制备了含有环氧基团的磁性高分子微球P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4,使用红外光谱(IR),X光散射仪(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)表征了P(St-GMA)/Fe3O4的结构和颗粒形貌,利用磁学性质测量系统测定了其磁学性质...     

聚苯乙烯负载的奎宁环催化剂的合成及其在Morita-Baylis-Hillman反应中的应用

通过3-(4-乙烯基苄氧基)-1-氮杂-双环[2,2,2]辛烷和苯乙烯共聚合制备聚(苯乙烯-共-3-(4-乙烯基苄氧基)-1-氮杂-双环[2,2,2]辛烷),并将其作为非均相催化剂应用于分子内和分子间的Morita-Baylis-Hillman及氮杂-Morita-Baylis-Hillman反应中,在所有这些反应中,产物的产率都可达到中等水平。     

金属辅助化学刻蚀法制备尺寸可控的硅纳米线

为制备粗细均匀、大长度的硅纳米线,通过金属辅助化学刻蚀方法,以银作为辅助金属,利用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)和FIB/SEM双束系统作为检测手段,结合微加工工艺,研究了不同的反应离子刻蚀时间和化学刻蚀时间对制备的硅纳米线的尺寸和形貌的影响。结果表明,通过该方法制备的硅纳米线粗细均匀、长度较大。控制反应离子刻蚀时间和化学刻蚀反应时间,可以控制硅纳米线的形貌与尺寸。     

离子单体和纳米二氧化硅对聚苯乙烯微球制备的影响

以对苯乙烯磺酸钠(SSS)与苯乙烯组成无皂乳液聚合体系(PS-SSS)制备了粒度不等的窄分布聚苯乙烯(PS)微球,微球粒径可在60～700nm之间调节,粒径分布控制在2%之内。在PS-SSS体系中SSS用量增多会使PS微球的尺度下降,但对粒径分散性没有影响。PS的数均分子量会随着SSS用量增多而略有下降。随着引发剂用量的增多,PS微球粒径会下降,PS的数均分子量明显下降。在二氧化硅溶胶中可稳定制备聚苯乙烯微球,在PS-SSS体系中引入纳米二氧化硅溶胶(NanoSiO2)组成NanoSiO2-PS-SSS体系,可对微球粒度进行调制,NanoSiO2用量的增多会导致制备的聚苯乙烯微球粒径下降,对于微球PS的数均分子量影响很小。聚苯乙烯中引入SSS后会增加苯乙烯聚合速率,提高制备的聚苯乙烯的玻璃化转变温度。     

载羟基喜树碱叶酸-壳聚糖微球制备及其缓释性

以羟基喜树碱为药物模型,壳聚糖为药物载体,叶酸为肿瘤靶向配体,利用静电相互作用的原理,通过离子交联法合成载羟基喜树碱的叶酸-壳聚糖(FA-CTS/HCPT)微球.利用动态光散射、扫描电镜、以及红外等技术对微球的结构、平均粒径及粒径分布、形态特征、对药物的包封率及载药量、体外释放等特点进行了初步研究.结果表明,所制得的微球平均粒径为32.65μm.扫描电镜下观察其形态圆整,大小均匀,无粘连.对羟基喜树碱包封率最高为90.9%,载药量为20.9%.在人工胃液pH值1.2及人工小肠液pH值6.8条件下具有很好的缓释作用且无突释现象.     

The Use of Chemical Modification of Polymer Waste for Obtaining Polymer Flocculants

1 Results Chemical modification of polymer plastic wastes to useful products can be one of the way of effective waste plastics management (chemical recycling). Chemical modification of polymers and polymer plastic wastes can yield products with suitable physical and chemical properties. In consequence they can be used as polyelectrolytes[1]. The variety of pollutants, universality of various water and sewage treatment technologies, introduction of new water quality improved technologies have caused a gr...