纤维双折射率的测试方法和仪器的研究

本文研究了通常测量纤维双折射的方法及其发展,着重研究了新的测试方法和仪器。这种方法——晶片组合补偿法,其补偿器比较容易制作,并可精确地测量它的光程差。新型的纤维双折射仪,包括晶片组合补偿法、倾斜补偿法、旋转补偿法。用它对几种生产量广的合成纤维进行过大量双折射率测试,得到满意结果。同时配备微型计算机,可直接打印出测试结果;从而进一步提高了测试速度和准确度。此仪器已在有关生产单位作为常规检测设备。     

丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯核壳结构乳液共聚合的研究

采用两段乳液共聚合方法制备了具有核壳结构的丙烯酸酯-苯乙烯复合乳液。研究了聚合配方和工艺条件,如乳化剂种类和用量、引发剂用量、单体配比、加料方式及温度对共聚反应的影响。利用透射电镜(TEM),差热分析(DSC)等方法初步探讨了该共聚物具有核壳结构,并对该共聚物乳液进行了化学、机械、冻融、稀释等稳定性的测试。     

低黏度高稳定性非离子聚丙烯酰胺水分散体的合成

采用水分散聚合法,以丙烯酰胺为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,衣康酸/次亚磷酸钠为链转移剂,聚丙烯酸钠为稳定剂,在硫酸铵/氯化钠水溶液中,制备了低黏度高稳定性的非离子聚丙烯酰胺水分散体系.考察了氯化钠、衣康酸、次亚磷酸钠对水分散体黏度、相对分子质量、颗粒形貌的影响.实验发现在30℃,300r/min,当引发剂、稳定剂、硫酸铵、氯化钠、次亚磷酸钠、衣康酸与单体质量比为:1.17×10~(-4)∶(3.25×10~(-2)~3.41×10~(-2))∶1.12∶(7.50×10~(-2)~7.75×10~(-2))∶(1.25×10~(-4)~1.42×10~(-4))∶(9.2×10~(-3)~1.17×10~(-2))∶1条件下,可以制备低黏度、高稳定性的非离子型聚丙烯酰胺水分散体.     

Synthesis,structure and catalytic behavior of yttrium complexes bearing a diaminobis（phenolate） ligand

Yttrium complexes stabilized by a diaminobis（phenolate） ligand were synthesized and their catalytic behavior was explored. Reaction of YCI3 with 1 equiv of LNa2 [L= Me2NCH2CH2N{CH2-（2-O-C6H2-^1Bu2-3,5）}2] gave the yttrium chloride LYCI（THF） （1） in 92% yield. Complex I can be used as starting material to prepare the yttrium amido derivative. Complex 1 reacted with 1 equiv of LiNPh2 in THF to afford the expected yttrium amido complex LYNPh2 （2） in high yield. Both of complexes 1 and 2 have been well detected by elemental analysis, NMR spectra and single-crystal X-ray analysis. It was found that complex 2 can efficiently initiate the ring-opening polymerization of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone, and a controlled manner is observed in the former case.     

聚己内酰胺的浓磷酸催化合成研究

在一定的温度和氮气保护的条件下,以浓磷酸为催化剂,水为引发剂引发己内酰胺减压开环聚合合成聚己内酰胺(PA6).探讨了温度、时间和浓磷酸的量对己内酰胺转化率的影响.结果表明,在氮气保护下,反应温度240℃,反应时间3.5 h,己内酰胺和浓磷酸质量比为100∶2时,己内酰胺转化率可高达92.0％,粘均分子量为6.9×104...     

Water Repellent Finishing on Cotton Fabric via Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

In order to enhance the water repellence property of cotton fabric, cotton fabric was grafted using hexafluorobutyl methacrylate( HFMT) monomer via atom transfer radical polymerization( ATRP) method. Water repellent cotton fabric was successfully prepared, and characterized by scanning electron microscopy( SEM),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy( FTIR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy( XPS). The SEM images of the HFMT-treated cotton displayed significant difference from the untreated one. FT-IR characterization of the HFMTtreated cotton indicated that HFMT was successfully grafted onto the surface of the cotton fabric. XPS analysis indicated that the fluorine element of the HFMT-treated cotton existing on the surface of the cotton fabric. The surface contact angle test as well as the water repellence rating test showed that the water repellence of the HFMTtreated cotton fabric was much better than that of the untreated cotton fabric. The surface contact angle of the HFMT-treated cotton fabric could reach( 132. 4 ± 2. 2) °,and the water repellence rating could achieve grade 3. The washing durability of the HFMT-treated fabric was also investigated. The surface contact angle of the HFMTtreated cotton fabric could reach( 121. 1 ± 2. 1) ° after 20 washing times. Furthermore, the whiteness, air permeability, breaking strength,and breaking elongation of the HFMT-treated cotton fabric decreased slightly compared with the untreated cotton fabric.Finally,cotton fabric with good water repellence property and excellent washing durability could be obtained with little effect on the intrinsic properties of cotton fabric.     

沉淀聚合法在乙酸中合成聚二乙烯基苯（PDVB）微球

本文考察了沉淀聚合法在乙酸中合成PDVB的过程。通过对溶剂乙酸、单体DVB、引发剂AIBN浓度的考察，最终确定当DVB体积占乙酸体积的1．5％，AIBN质量占DVB质量的3．0％时可以制得单分散的平均粒径在2．11um左右的PDVB，并用透射电子显微镜（TEM）对其形态进行了表征。     

苯乙烯——马来酸酐无规共聚物的合成

以溶剂改性本体聚合方法合成出苯乙稀－马来酸酐无规共聚物，同时讨论了聚合方法和技术对共聚物组成、结构和平均分子量等性能的影响。     

钛白力化学法固相接枝聚苯乙烯改性研究

提出并详细研究了在搅拌磨中钛白力化学固相接枝聚苯乙烯改性的工艺及影响因素,得出了较好的工艺条件和工艺指标,证明此工艺有较好的应用前景;定性分析了其改性机理,认为主要是自由基聚合反应。