硅酸铁调湿材料的微观结构与吸放湿性能分析

以硅酸钠和氯化铁溶液为原料制备硅酸铁调湿材料,采用FTIR、XRD、SEM、BET等技术对所制调湿材料进行表征,并测定其吸放湿性能。结果表明,所制硅酸铁调湿材料呈无定形结构,其比表面积和孔容较大、平均孔径较小;硅酸钠的模数影响调湿材料在低湿环境下的吸湿性能,由模数为1的硅酸钠所制硅酸铁调湿材料具有较好的自调湿性能;硅酸铁调湿材料在20℃和相对湿度为84%的环境下吸湿容量高达120%,吸湿平衡时间约为240h;在相对湿度为84%下达到吸湿平衡的材料在相对湿度为32%的环境下放湿90h左右可达到放湿平衡,在50℃恒温干燥放湿5h可实现完全放湿;所制硅酸铁调湿材料具有吸湿量大和吸放湿速率快的特性,其性能明显优于硅胶和分子筛等传统的调湿材料。     

两种酰胺基树脂对苯酚的吸附热力学

大孔交联氯甲基化聚苯乙烯分别与己内酰胺和尿素发生功能基化反应,合成了大孔交联聚(N-对乙烯基苄基己内酰胺)和大孔交联聚(N-对乙烯基苄基脲)树脂.测定了这两种酰胺基树脂对水溶液中苯酚的吸附等温线,发现所有的吸附等温线都符合Freundlich吸附等温方程,相关系数大于0.99;同时,聚(N-对乙烯基苄基脲)对水溶液中苯酚的吸附亲和性相对聚(N-对乙烯基苄基己内酰胺)更大.根据热力学函数关系计算了等量吸附焓、Gibbs吸附自由能和吸附熵.表明两种酰胺基树脂对水溶液中苯酚的吸附均为放热的、物理吸附过程;同时,聚(N-对乙烯基苄基脲)对水溶液中苯酚的吸附相对聚(N-对乙烯基苄基己内酰胺)有更低的吸附焓变、吸附自由能变和吸附熵变.     

Tribological behaviors of some polymeric materials in sea water

Ocean tribology, a new research field of tribology, is being established and developing. The investigation on the tribology in sea water has important significance to ocean exploitation. In this paper, the tribological behaviors of UHMWPE, PTFE as well as Ekonol/PTFE, graphite/PTFE and CF/PTFE sliding against GCr15 steel and Ni-Cr-WC alloy in sea water were investigated, and compared with those in pure water. Results show that the main factors that affect the tribological behaviors of five polymeric materials in sea water are the corrosive effect and lubricating effect of sea water. When polymeric materials sliding against GCr15 in sea water, owing to serious corrosion of counterface by sea water, the surface roughness of the counterface increases largely. As a result, the lubricating effect of medium decreases sharply and the plowing effect of counterface increases greatly. So the friction coefficients and wear rates of five materials sliding against GCr15 in sea water are much larger than those under other conditions. Such wear model, depending on the corrosion of counterface by medium, can be called indirect corrosive wear. Under other three conditions, owing to the more superior lubricating effect of sea water than pure water and the better wettability of Ni-Cr-WC than GCr15, the friction coefficients and wear rates of five materials increase in the following order： sliding against Ni-Cr-WC in sea water 〈 sliding against Ni-Cr-WC in pure water 〈 sliding against GCr15 in pure water. Moreover, compared with other materials, CF/PTFE is the one with more superior plowing and wear resistance in pure and sea water, which is a potential frictional material well suitable for pure and sea water lubrication.     

球形SiO2的制备研究

以硅酸钠为原料,乙酸乙酯为酸化剂,采用化学沉淀法制备了单分散球形SiO2颗粒。以粒径和球形度为考察对象,讨论了工艺因素对产品性能的影响,结果表明,最佳工艺条件为：反应温度40℃,硅酸钠浓度2％,搅拌速度400r／min,乙醇浓度7％,NaCl浓度1．0％。在此条件下制得的产物经TEM、XRD表征表明：SiO2颗粒基本为单分散、球形,平均粒径为120nm,且为无定形结构。     

稀土掺杂对硅酸盐玻璃折射率的影响

固相高温烧结法制备了掺铒、铒镱共掺和铒镱钕共掺硅酸盐玻璃．测量了玻璃样品不同波长光源照射时的折射率,讨论了稀土掺杂成分和浓度对折射率的影响．单掺铒样品为正常色散,铒浓度增高折射率变大．铒镱共掺样品中铒浓度较低时,折射率随掺镱浓度提高而增大,并出现反常色散现象;铒浓度较高时,不仅有反常色散现象,而且镱浓度继续增高,出现两个吸收带．铒镱钕共掺硅酸盐玻璃样品的折射率随钕浓度提高,吸收带向长波方向移动．     

广西高铁铝土矿小型烧结实验

广西高铁铝土矿由于含有大量的氧化铝目前尚未应用于高炉工业化生产。通过对广西矿的小型烧结实验,介绍和分析了矿的一些重要特性,为该矿的工业化应用,提供了技术支持。     

土钵培养法筛选硅酸盐细菌

30种硅酸盐细菌菌株用土钵培养法进行筛选,分别在培养30、60、90、180d用火焰光度计测定土壤中钾离子含量;在所有研究的30种菌株中,菌株新6在土钵培养60d后检测出最高的土壤有效钾净增率22．1％;菌株F1具有最高的总土壤有效钾净增率20％;对土壤总有效钾含量进行统计学分析,筛选出14种菌株具有显著的解钾能力。     

硫酸铁铵催化合成羧酸环己酯

硫酸铁铵能够代替硫酸用作酯化催化剂。研究了 NH4 Fe(SO4 ) 2 · 1 2 H2 O催化合成乙酸环己酯的反应条件 ,当乙酸、环己醇和硫酸铁铵的摩尔比为 1∶ 0 .44∶ 0 .0 2 ,以环己烷为溶剂 ,回流分水 6 0min,乙酸环己酯收率达 87.2 % ,在相同反应条件下 ,合成了甲酸环己酯 (收率为 6 8.5 % )、丙酸环己酯(收率为 5 9.4% )和丁酸环己酯 (收率为 2 1 .6 % )。     

氯化聚氯乙烯·三氯化铁树脂催化合成氯乙酸异丙酯

氯化聚氯乙烯三氯化铁首次作为催化剂用于由氯乙酸和异丙醇的酯化反应中,当0.10mol氯乙酸、0.25mol异丙醇、15mL环己烷和2.0g催化剂一起回流分水2.5h,产品收率达81.8%,同时研究了该催化剂的重复使用性能.     

双二硫代亚乙基四硫代富瓦烯聚合物的成膜和导电性能

将双羟烷基及双甲酸甲酯基取代的双二硫代亚乙基四硫代富瓦烯分别与己二酰氯及己二醇缩聚得到了两种含ＢＥＤＴ－ＴＴＦ结构单元的聚合物,用凝胶渗透色谱测定了聚合物的相对分子质量,讨论了聚合度ｎ对成膜性的影响,采用旋转涂膜法制得了它们的固体膜。经碘氧化后,制得ＣＴ－络合物,测试了导电率及其随时间的衰减。