环境微生物的分子生物学研究方法

本文介绍了在环境微生物生态研究中的分子生物学方法如分子杂交，聚合链式扩增技术PC震，rRNA基因同源分析法，新型凝胶电泳技术，生物醌谱图法等和应用。这些技术的使用将大大扩展微生物生态学研究的空间，并使得在分子水平研究生态问题的机制成为可能。     

滚环DNA扩增的原理、应用和展望

滚环DNA扩增(Rolling circle DNA amplification,RCA)是一种等温信号扩增方法,其线性扩增倍数为10^5,指数化扩增能力大于10^9,产生的扩增产物连接在固相支持物(如玻片、微孔板等)表面的DNA引物或抗体上(适宜作生物芯片研究)。RCA是一种适合在芯片上(on-chip)进行信号扩增的新技术,它既能提供研究分析的敏感性和特异性,又能保持立体分析的多元性。RCA亦是一种痕量的分子检测方法,可用于极其微量的生物大分子和生物标志的检测与研究。,     

石化废水处理系统微生物群落结构PCR-DGGE分析

为提高石油化工污水厂厌氧--好氧(A/O)工艺净化效能,应用聚合酶链式反应一变性梯度凝胶电泳(PCR-DGGE)与常规技术相结合的方法分析了石化废水处理系统生化池中微生物群落结构变化与污染负荷和主要污染物降解效果变化的关系.结果表明:在每天2次,连续6天的监测中,待处理废水中COD负荷在424.92 mg/L和559.10 mg/L之间波动,NH3-N在63.60 mg/L和100.87 mg/L之间变化;工艺对COD和NH3-N的去除率较低,分别为69.42%和31.2%.且生化池各段对COD和NH3-N的去除率变化并非呈单一递减趋势,这与微生态细菌种类随污水浓度的变化呈非单一的递减趋势相一致;PCR-DGGE图谱中各处理单元的细菌条带数量变化很大,相似性系数最高为36.11%,最低为6.25%,微生物群落结构相似性很低.     

RNA干涉

RNA干涉是指双链RNA引发的同源mRNA的降解过程,由于其多发生于转录水平,因此又称为转录后基因沉默。RNA干涉现象是在线虫中首次发现的,通过几年的研究发现它广泛存在于生物体中(包括单细胞生物、后生动物和哺乳动物)。本文对RNA干涉现象的发现、作用机制、相关基因等作了简单的论述。     

母婴配对血清中TT病毒的分子鉴定

为了解TT病毒（TTV）在我国母婴间传播的可能及分子病毒学依据，合成引物（引物1：5′－ACAGACAGAGGAGAAGGCAACATG－3′；引物2：5′－CTGGCATTTTACCATTTCCAAAGTT－3′；引物3；5′－GGCAACATGTTATGGATAGACTGG－3′），采用半套式聚合酶链反应（hemi-nested PCR）方法，检测了40对母、婴母对血清中的TTV DNA，并对TTV DNA均阳性的一对母婴配对血清中PCR产物进行测序和序列分析，结果发现：（1）在40例产妇血清中，有5例经半套式PCR检出了TTV DNA，检出率为12.5%；40例脐血中，检出TTV DNA阳性血清1例，阳性率为2.5%，脐血呈阳性的新生儿母亲静脉血中TTV DNA也为阳性。（2）母婴同时检出TTV DNA的血清PCR产物经测序后进行序列比对，二者病毒核苷酸序列的同源性为1005；与日本G2b型代表株核苷酸同源性为98.6%，属于G2b亚型，研究结果表明：TTV存在母婴传播途径，TTV可经胎盘垂直传播。     

广州地区发热幼儿中人类疱疹病毒7的检测

目的：检测广州地区发热幼儿中人类疱疹病毒7(HHV-7)的感染状况，从而了解HHV-7感染在此类疾病中的病原学意义。方法：采用n-PCR法检测患儿血浆中的HHV-7DNA。结果：在发热疾病组中血浆HHV-7DNA阳性率为18．0％，而在作为对照的健康组及非发热疾病组的阳性率分别为0和5．4％，发热疾病组与对照组间比较有显著性差异。结论：在广州地区的发热幼儿中HHV-7感染具有一定的病原学意义。     

Detection of caprine arthritis-encephalitis- and maedi-visna viruses using the polymerase chain reaction

Summary The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to demonstrate proviral DNA of lentiviruses of small ruminants in cultured cells. Primers for the Taq polymerase were selected in the GAG gene of Icelandic maedi-visna virus and POL gene of caprine arthritis-encephalitis (CAE) virus. Using PCR, proviral DNA of CAE virus was detected at 1 day post infection, 4 days beforeviral protein could be demonstrated using a sensitive immunoblotting protocol and 6 days before the appearance of syncytia. Primers derived from the published sequence of CAE virus successfully primed for the synthesis of homologous virus and Icelandic maedi-visna viruss but not for maedi-visna virus isolated in The Netherlands. In contrast, primers derived from the GAG region of Icelandic maedi-visna virus allowed the amplification of DNA of homologous virus, maedi-visna virus isolated in The Netherlands as well as CAE virus.     

应用PCR技术检测结核菌的临床研究

应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）技术对２４４例呼吸疾病患者临床标本进行结核菌ＤＮＡ检测，并同时与涂片抗酸染色结果进行比较。结果显示：１１２例结核标本涂片和ＰＣＲ检测阳性率分别为１６．１％和５２．７％，两者差别有显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１）。９４例涂阴结核标本ＰＣＲ阳性达４５．７％。结果表明应用ＰＣＲ技术检测结核杆菌ＤＮＡ具有快速敏感、特异性较高等优点，尤其对涂阴病人具有较大诊断价值     

Phenomenon and mechanism of “secondary damage” during repair of DNA damage in irradiated mammalian cells

By means of comet assay, a study of kinetics curve of DNA damage repair in irradiated SX-9 cells that came from mouse breast cancer proceeded. It was found that while the initial DNA damages had nearly been repaired, DNA damages arose for the second time, then they were repaired again. As a result, a phenomenon of “secondary damage” was found during the repair of DNA damages in irradiated SX-9 cells. Further research illuminated that 3-aminobenzamide (3AB), which is an inhibitor of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, could change the proceeding of “secondary damage”. For this reason it is poasible that there exists some inner relationship between the phenomenon of “secondary damage” and the function of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase.