基于供应链的食品安全控制研究

分析了供应链上食品安全问题发生的主客观两方面原因,一方面是供应链各参与主体受利益驱使而做出的危害食品安全的行为：另一方面是食品供应链上发生的生物性污染。针对这两方面的原因,提出了食品安全控制的对策,一是要建立供应链上的伙伴联盟;二是要把加工环节作为最优危害控制点,严格执行售前检测。这样把食品安全问题控制在消费之前,做到“事前控制”。     

遗传算法在水污染控制系统规划研究中的应用

将遗传算法应用于以汾河太原城区段南内环桥至小店桥为研究对象的水污染控制系统规划研究,将遗传算法在水污染控制系统规划研究中具体化,其应用结果较为满意.结果表明该算法对目标函数的形式与性质要求较低,可在全局范围内搜索并快速收敛,实现了水污染控制系统规划模型最优求解,且编程简单,易于将计算机技术应用其中.     

汽车尾气污染及治理技术

介绍了汽车废气污染物的危害性和影响因素,提出了汽油机排放污染的控制和治理方法.     

城市水源地保护对策研究

论述了水源地保护的重要意义,介绍了国外水源地保护的措施,从5个方面提出了我国水源地保护的对策建议。     

浅析污水灌溉环境污染的研究进展

在介绍污水灌溉发展现状基础上,分析了污灌对环境的污染及其影响因素,并针对这些问题提出了控制污灌影响的技术措施及建议。     

平原河网地区农业非点源污染负荷估算方法综述

通过比较现有几种主要的非点源污染估算方法及其适用条件,讨论了不同方法用于平原河网地区非点源负荷估算时的优缺点,提出将平原河网地区非点源污染的估算分为产生量和入河量两部分,按照农田径流、畜禽养殖、农村生活分别计算产生量,然后通过现场调查和野外实验估算入河系数和入河量,是一种适合平原河网地区农业非点源负荷的估算方法.     

Characterization of PM2.5/PM2.5-10 and source tracking in the juncture belt between urban and rural areas of Beijing

Coarse （PM2.5-10） and fine （PM2.5） atmospheric particulate samples were collected in summer and winter during 2005-2007 in the juncture belt between urban and rural areas of Beijing. Elements, ions, organic/elemental carbon （OC/EC） and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） were determined to obtain some latest information about the particulate pollution in the juncture belt of Beijing. Particulate matter levels at this site were high as compared with the levels at other sampling sites in Beijing. Pollution elements, secondary ions and PAHs were enriched in fine particles rather than in coarse particles. An obvious seasonal variation of the chemical composition of PM was observed. Source apportionment results showed that secondary components were the largest mass contributor of PM2.5, accounting for 28%; whereas soil-related sources were the largest contributor of PM2.5-10, explaining about 49% of the total mass. The abnormal levels of soil heavy metals at the electronic waste disassembly site in the upwind villages suggested the potential impact of such activities to the environment.     

Foreshowing of the Western Pacific tropical cyclone track to PM10 air pollution episode in the Beijing area

By utilizing the air quality monitoring data and the NCEP reanalysis data, the relationship between the PM10 air pollution episode and synoptic situation is analyzed in the Beijing area. It is interesting to find that PM10 air pollution episode in and around the Beijing area is correlated with the Western Pacific tropical cyclone track to some extent, namely when a tropical cyclone lands southward to the Changjiang River, PM10 air pollution episode is not easy to take place generally in the Beijing area; but when a tropical cyclone moves northward and finally lands at the Korea Peninsula or the Japanese mainland, and under this condition the Beijing area is generally controlled by weak high or weak low for several days, PM10 air pollution episode often takes place in one day or several days. Above findings indicate that predicting the Western Pacific tropical cyclone track can foretell whether or not PM10 air pollution episode takes place in the Beijing area, which can offer a technique for urban air quality prediction and air pollution source management in the Beijing area. Supported by Knowledge Innovation Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCZ2-YW-219) and Frontier Research of IAP of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 8-070204)     

南水北调中线陕西水源区水污染治理补偿研究

目的 从水污染治理的角度研究了对南水北调中线工程水源区(陕西段)的生态补偿,为进一步研究提供科学依据.方法 在不采取控制措施的情况下,通过对水源地(陕西段)水环境容量的计算,得到污染物的超负荷量,以此来衡量水源地(陕西段)为满足调水水质要求需要得到的补偿.结果 计算出了2006-2020年逐年的污染物的超负荷量.2020年陕西段水源区汉丹江干流枯水年需削减的污染物总量为15 787.4t/d.得到年平均补偿金额为28.17亿元.结论 南水北调中线工程陕西段水源区水污染治理的生态补偿费用为28.17亿元.可作为补偿依据.     

降雨对山仔水库典型样地地表径流氮磷营养盐流失的影响

根据福州市第二水源地山仔水库周围库区的典型土地利用方式,选取了3个具有代表性的实验样地,调查该区域不同土地利用类型土壤降雨前后含水率及其氮磷营养盐空间变化特征,结果表明:不同土地利用类型土壤中营养盐空间分布具有明显差异,相对于杉竹林,水田与旱地两种类型土壤营养盐流失风险高,且各土地利用类型均表现出5～10 cm处营养盐含量最高,流失量最大的一致规律,其中硝态氮和速效磷是地表降雨径流土壤氮磷营养物质流失的主要方式.