Clustering the rows and columns of a contingency table

A number of ways of investigating heterogeneity in a two-way contingency table are reviewed. In particular, we consider chi-square decompositions of the Pearson chi-square statistic with respect to the nodes of a hierarchical clustering of the rows and/or the columns of the table. A cut-off point which indicates significant clustering may be defined on the binary trees associated with the respective row and column cluster analyses. This approach provides a simple graphical procedure which is useful in interpreting a significant chi-square statistic of a contingency table.The author gratefully acknowledges the constructive comments of the referees and the editor.     

Sex pheromone of the pine sawflyDiprion pini (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae): Chemical identification,synthesis and biological activity

The main component of the sex pheromone secretion of femaleDiprion pini L. (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae) from insects collected both in Finland and in France has been identified as athreo-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol (8 ng per female) stereoisomer by GC-MS and synthesis. The secretion also contains lower and higher homologues in small amounts (1–4% of the main component). Combined gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection showed activity in both natural and esterified extracts (acetates and propionates); the esters of the main component gave the largest responses. The acetates and propionates of the eight stereoisomers of 3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol were synthesized from enantiomerically highly enriched (>99% ee) building blocks. The stereochemistry of the main component was established to be (2S,3R,7R)-3,7-dimethyl-2-tridecanol by GC analysis of the natural material. It was purified by liquid chromatography prior to the GC analysis of both its pentafluorobenzoates and its isopropylcarbamates on a non-chiral polar column (ECD) and a chiral column (NPD), respectively. Field tests demonstrated that both the acetate and propionate of the main component (100 g of each applied on cotton roll dispensers) were active in attracting males, with or without the presence of several of the minor compounds. Experiments with smaller amounts of the acetate and the propionate (1 g in France and 50 g in Finland) demonstrated that the propionate was more active than the acetate, and that it also caught more males than a blend of the two compounds.     

求解常微分方程的一类线性多步方法

本文给出常微分方程y′=f(t,y)及″=f(t,y)的一类线性多步方法,它们的系数容易在计算机上生成。     

我国城乡居民消费结构比较分析

从研究城乡居民消费结构入手,比较分析我国城乡居民在食品消费、衣着消费、住房、家庭用品及服务消费等方面的差异,为进一步缩小城乡差距,实现城乡一体化提供参考依据。     

原子吸收解吸仪分离测定食品中镉

应用ＹＡＥ—２原子吸收解析仪自动萃取食品中的镉．结果表明，镉在ＰＨ８～９的氨缓冲溶液存在的条件下被ＥＤＴＡ富集柱富集，用 １ｍｏｌ／Ｌ硝酸溶液作洗脱载液，测定食品镉含量在 １００～２０００μｇ／ｋｇ之间时，线性关系成立．标准差为０．００４２ ｍｇ／ｋｇ，均值为 ０．２１７ ｍｇ／ｋｇ，变异系数 １．９３％．检出限为 ５ μｇ／Ｌ．本方法适用于各种食品中镉的分析，是一种在线高速解吸的分离分析技术．     

影响曲线钢轨侧磨因素的数值分析

本文运用蠕滑中心法对影响曲线钢轨侧靡的因素进行了数值分析，在此基础上提出了减轻侧磨的措施。     

萃淋树脂－流动注射法分离稀土离子

本文采用Ｃｌ－Ｐ２０４萃淋树脂ｐＨ梯度技术分离，流动注射分析仪进样，偶氮氯磷（Ⅲ）光度法检测，对Ｌａ、Ｃｅ、Ｎｄ、Ｓｍ、Ｅｕ５种稀土离子的不同混合溶液进行了分离研究．用０．３２、０．３７、０．４５、０．７５、０、９０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的盐酸溶液以０．８～１．０ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ的速度进行梯度淋洗，在泵压８～１０ｋｇｆ／ｃｍ￣２，载流速度ｌｍｌ／ｍｉｎ，进样体积２．８ｍｌ的试验条件下，测出这５种稀土离子混合溶液的淋洗曲线，分离效果令人满意．     

试卷定量分析系统

在经典统计理论的基础上，详细探讨了构成试卷定量分析系统的各参数指标，并开发了相应的系统软件。利用该软件可以对试卷进行迅速、直观和客观的评价     

一类多点边值问题的算法研究

针对一类拉普拉斯方程多点边值问题的数学计算方法进行了研究,构造出了一类差分格式。对该差分方法进行了误差分析,并给出了数值实验结果。     

Remote sensing of spatial patterns of urban renewal using linear spectral mixture analysis: A case of central urban area of Shanghai (1997―2000)

It is very important to integrate remote sensing with urban geography that the spectral mixture analysis technique is applied to urban land cover evolvement and its eco-environmental effect. Urban land cover is mainly composed of complicated artificial materials, which is the key factor to limit the development of the spectral mixture analysis technique. There are two main aspects in which the technique of spectral mixture analysis is applied to urban geography： one is to calculate vegetation fraction; the other is to build quantitative model of the urban impervious surface obtained from the combination between high albedo fraction and low albedo fraction. The technique of spectral mixture analysis is firstly applied to study urban renewal pattern, scale and mode which happened in Shanghai City from 1997 to 2000,