Hydrometallurgical application for treating a Nigerian chalcopyrite ore in chloride medium: Part I. Dissolution kinetics assessment

The dissolution kinetics of a Nigerian chalcopyrite ore in hydrochloric acid was studied in this article. Acid concentration, reaction temperature, and ore particle size were chosen as experimental parameters. The chemical and morphological studies of the ore before and after leaching at optimal conditions were carried out by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It is revealed that increasing the acid concentration and system temperature and decreasing the ore particle size greatly enhances the dissolution rate. The dissolution kinetics was found to follow the shrinking core model for the diffusion control mechanism where the activation energy (E_a) of 32.92 kJ·mol?1 was obtained for the process and supported by morphological changes at a higher dissolution of 91.33%.     

35CrMo钢棒料抗拉强度偏低的原因分析

通过力学性能测试、化学成分分析、金相检验、疏松级别检验以及表面质量分析对35CrMo钢棒料抗拉强度偏低的原因进行了分析。研究结果表明：热处理工艺不够合理、表面粗糙度差是造成抗拉强度偏低的主要原因,并据此提出了生产改良建议。     

电磁水处理对水环境及金属设备的影响

 水是冷冻冷却、中央空调、锅炉等中必需使用的导热介质,用于系统中的冷却或蓄能作用,但水长期储存于系统中会引起细菌、藻类滋生和设备腐蚀。有报道提出采用电磁水处理设备进行水处理可去垢灭菌藻并抑制金属腐蚀。本文以不锈钢水槽、电磁水设备、过滤芯柱、循环水泵等组成的实验平台为研究对象,通过跟踪测试水槽中水的硬度、溶解氧,以及分析水体的沉积物的化学组分和含量,评价电磁水处理对水环境及金属设备的影响。试验结果表明,电磁水处理对水体具有杀菌灭藻的功能,但同时也具有促进金属设备表面腐蚀的作用。     

改性活性炭纤维催化碳酰肼去除给水中的溶解氧

将制备的水热改性活性炭纤维负载Ni(Ni/GSACF)作为催化剂,催化碳酰肼还原去除水中的溶解氧(DO),考察反应时间、反应温度、初始pH值、碳酰肼质量浓度和催化剂质量浓度对DO去除效果的影响.在优化条件下,45 min后水中的DO质量浓度从5.1 mg·L^-1降至0.1 mg·L^-1,去除率可达98.0%.对载体和催化剂进行表征分析,水热处理后GSACF表面的含氧官能团明显增加,催化剂表面具有均匀分散的活性Ni物种.研究结果表明:活性炭纤维表面含氧官能团的增加有利于促进活性Ni物种在活性炭纤维表面的分散,从而提高Ni/GSACF催化剂的催化除氧性能.     

深圳河河口近10年典型污染物通量变化研究

根据2008—2017年连续水文观测数据和逐月水质监测数据, 采用LOADEST模型模拟估算主要污染物COD、氨氮、总氮和总磷的净通量, 得到深圳河河口近10年主要污染物通量的变化规律。结合降水和流域内污水处理厂运行情况, 分析影响污染物通量变化的自然因素和人为因素, 得到以下结论。1) 2008—2017年深圳河河口断面各污染物入湾净通量呈现明显的下降趋势, 总体水质情况有所好转, 但仍未达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838—2002)中V类水目标要求。2) 2008—2017年各污染物净通量的季节性差异逐年变小。3) COD净通量与降雨量的相关性较强, 说明其污染来源多为非点源; 总氮、氨氮和总磷净通量与降水量的相关性相对较弱, 说明其污染来源多为点源。4) 污染物净通量与污水处理量明显负相关, 说明提高污水处理厂日处理能力和污水出水水质有助于河流水质的改善。     

基于分级诊疗的就医可达性研究——以潍坊市中心城区为例

基于GIS技术, 利用改进的两步移动搜索法, 研究潍坊市中心城区的就医可达性。考虑分级诊疗对居民就医可达性的影响, 以社区为基本单元, 分析中心城区的医疗资源分布特征。结果表明, 潍坊市中心城区就医可达性呈多中心分布, 中部社区、东北部社区和东部部分社区可达性水平较高, 中心城区边缘社区可达性水平较低; 在不同转诊率水平下, 分级诊疗均能提升社区居民的就医可达性水平; 由于二、三级医院分布集中于中部和东北部, 分级诊疗也会加剧各社区之间就医可达性的差异, 且难以兼顾服务的公平性。根据研究结果, 建议优化医疗设施布局, 将医疗资源向中心城区边缘地区引导, 着重在社区中心位置布局基层医疗设施, 提升居民就医的便利程度。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr doped WCoB based cermets by spark plasma sintering and first principle calculation

WCoB based cermet is a potential hard alloy to replace WC-Co cermets with high hardness and corrosion resistance. WCoB based cermets with different Cr doping contents were fabricated by spark plasma sintering in liquid phase sintering stage. The densification behavior, phase composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr doped WCoB cermets were investigated by XRD, EDS and SEM. Due to the lower density of Cr,the density of WCoB cermets decreased with the increasing of Cr doping content. The phase composition consisted of Cr doped WCoB, unreacted W, Co–Cr binary binder phase. When the doping content exceeded11.736 wt%, the Cr enrichment zones appeared, which was harmful to the TRS. The increasing of Cr doping content contributed to the increase of unreacted W phases content and the formation of pores. The maximum value of Vickers hardness was 1751 Hv0.5 at 9.356 wt% Cr doping content. The variation trend was explained by first principle calculation, which is consistent with Hv-Zhou hardness model.     

Microstructure and heat treatment for Ni3Al-based single crystal alloy with different crystal orientations

Ni₃Al-based single crystal alloy IC6SX with different crystal orientations were prepared by seed crystal method. The microstructure and heat treatment of the alloy were investigated. The results showed that the microstructure of the alloy was in dendrite structure, and the crystal orientation had significant effect on the dendrite morphology of this alloy. The precipitated phases of (MoNi)₆C and NiMo appeared in the microstructure of the three alloys with different crystal orientations during solidification process. Compared with other two alloys, the volume fractions of precipitated phases of both (MoNi)₆C and NiMo was the most in the alloy with [111] orientation and the least in the alloy with [001] orientation. The solidus and liquidus temperatures of the alloy IC6SX tested by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were 1356 °C and 1387 °C, respectively. Meanwhile, the effect of different solution temperatures on the microstructure of the alloy with different orientations was studied. The results showed that the precipitated phases of (MoNi)₆C and NiMo were eliminated with the solid solution treatment under the condition of 1300 °C/10 h. However, the incipient melting of the alloys occurred due to the dissolution of low melting point phases. As the temperature dropped to 1280 °C, the area of incipient melting in the alloy with different orientations decreased gradually. However, there was no incipient melting appearing in the three alloys with different orientations when the solution treatment temperature dropped to 1260 °C.     

海水池塘养殖园区排放水综合生态净水技术研究

本研究以海水池塘养殖园区排放水集中设施化处理为切入点,集成泡沫分离、生物滤池及大型藻等多种生态修复技术,构建了海水池塘养殖园区排放水综合生态净水系统。经过综合生态净水系统处理,池塘养殖排放水中化学耗氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH4-N)、亚硝氮(NO2-N)、硝氮(NO3-N)、溶解无机氮(DIN)及活性磷酸盐(DIP)综合去除率平均分别为40.84%、89.37%、86.88%、93.75%、78.74%和59.73%。通过该技术可明显改善园区排放水质量,基本可以实现各项指标的达标排放。     

等离子激励器对静止空气的诱导作用

对等离子体发生器对静止空气诱导加速作用进行了数值模拟,并与Notre Dame大学的相关实验结果进行了比较,二者符合良好.研究结果表明,等离子体发生器对静止空气有诱导加速作用,激励强度、等离子体发生器尺寸等对流体的诱导有较大影响.该研究成果可用于飞行器的减阻增速、流动分离控制及推力矢量控制等.