Genetic determinants of individual differences in avoidance learning: Behavioral and endocrine characteristics

Bidirectional genetic selection for good and poor active avoidance learning in a shuttle box has been carried out in three independent laboratories using remarkably similar discrete-trial training procedures. The resulting strains are known as the Roman High and Low Avoidance (RHA and RLA), the Syracuse High and Low Avoidance (SHA and SLA) and the Australian High and Low Avoidance (AHA and ALA) strains, respectively. An additional unidirectionally selected strain, known as the Tokai High Avoider (THA) strain was developed in Japan using a free-operant Sidman avoidance procedure in a Skinner box. This paper reviews the selection of the Syracuse strains, enumerates the various behavioral and endocrine characteristics of the strains, and compares them to the other similarly selected strains. The behavioral work suggests that genetic selection from diverse breeding stocks has resulted in common characteristics that differentiate the strains in the emotional, not learning, domain. The endocrine data, however, are somewhat at odds. The Syracuse strains differentiate one way with respect to endocrine function, and the Roman strains differentiate in the opposite way. We suggest, therefore, that the endocrine correlates are not tightly linked to the avoidance genotype. Genetic analysis of all of the selected strains for both the avoidance phenotype and the endocrine correlates will be needed to test this hypothesis.Preparation of this paper was supported by research grant MH-39230-3 from the National Institute of Mental Health.     

有浮动电极PDP单元放电串扰的数值模拟研究

利用二维流体模拟方法研究等离子体显示屏(PDP)大维持电极间隙单元之间的放电串扰现象.研究发现当维持电极间隙较大时,无论它们之间是否有浮动电极,均可能发生相邻单元之间的放电串扰;同时,串扰还与工作电压有关,电压越高越容易发生串扰.模拟结果显示,串扰仅发生在最初几个维持放电脉冲期间.在单元之间插入浮动电极,可以有效地阻止单元之间的放电串扰而不影响Xe放电激发效率.     

WIND observations of plasma waves inside the magnetic cloud boundary layers

Based on the WIND observational data for the plasma waves from thermal noise receptor （TNR） working on the frequency 4-256 kHz and the solar wind and the magnetic fields, we analyze the plasma wave activities in the 60 magnetic cloud＇s boundary layers （BLs） and find that there are often various plasma wave activities in the BLs, which are different from those in the adjacent solar wind （SW） and the magnetic clouds （MC）. The basic characteristics are that： （1） the enhancement of the Langmuir wave near the electronic plasma frequency （fpe） is a dominant wave activity, which occupies 75% investigated samples; （2） the events enhanced both in the langmuir and ion acustic （f〈fpe） waves are about 60% of investigated samples; （3） broadband, continuous enhancement events in the plasma wave activities were observed in the whole frequency band of TNR, and about 30% of the 60 samples, however, were not observed in the SW and the MC investigated events; （4） although the ratio of the temperatures between the electon and proton, Te/Tp ≤1, the ion caustic wave enhancement activities are still often observed in the BLs, which makes it difficult to explain them by the traditional plasma theory. New results reported in this paper further show that the magnetic cloud＇s BL is an important dynamic structure, which could provide useful diagnosis for understanding the cloud＇s BL physics and could expand a space developing space plasma wave theory.     

等离子体聚合膜的制备,性能及其应用

研制等离子体聚合装置，并用研制的装置在铝，银等材料上聚合六甲基二硅氧烷膜，进而分析膜的组分及性能，在设计的装置中，选用铝，银等材料作基材，用六甲基二硅氧烷作单体，进行多次放电聚合试验。在基材上可制备出硬膜，膜与基材粘附性好，并具有良好的电绝缘性和优异的抗氧化性。     

木薯淀粉微球的止血性能初步研究

为了初步探索木薯淀粉微球用作局部止血材料的止血性能,本研究以酸改性木薯淀粉为原料,三偏磷酸钠为交联剂,采用水包水乳液-交联法制备木薯淀粉微球。通过体外和体内止血试验评价木薯淀粉微球的止血性能。研究结果表明,木薯淀粉微球组的全血凝固时间、血浆复钙时间及家兔脾脏划破止血时间均显著低于空白对照组(P0.05),与云南白药组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。初步证明木薯淀粉微球的体外及体内止血性能良好,具有用作局部止血材料的良好潜力。     

等离子体刻蚀中边缘离子轨迹的控制与优化

由于常规等离子体刻蚀系统在晶圆边缘处的阻抗与晶圆中心处的阻抗不一致, 使离子在晶圆边缘处的运动轨迹发生偏移, 很难满足越来越高的刻蚀工艺均匀性及深宽比的要求。本文提出一种通过调整晶圆边缘阻抗进行边缘离子运动方向优化的方法, 可以连续实时地调整边缘离子的运动轨迹, 实现对边缘离子运动方向的控制。研究结果表明, 离子的运动方向可以被优化为垂直于晶圆表面, 从而能获得良好的刻蚀速率均匀性及垂直的刻蚀形貌。     

江西省稻米中总砷和无机砷含量的测定与分析

选取江西省10个县市的100份新收获稻米为实验材料,分别采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法和高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱法,测定了稻米中的总砷和无机砷含量。测定结果表明,该方法线性方程和相关系数良好,稻米粉标准物质测定结果良好。100份稻米中的总砷含量变化为0.045~0.382mg/kg,均值为 0.170mg/kg;无机砷含量变化为0.000~0.180mg/kg,均值为 0.067mg/kg;单因素方差分析结果显示,江西省10个县市稻米中的总砷和无机砷含量之间均存在不同程度的差异性,其中无机砷含量的差异性最为显著。实验结果证实,稻米无机砷中三价As³⁺含量较高,约占无机砷含量的90%。美国环境保护署健康风险评估结果表明,江西省稻米中无机砷含量的暴露对人体健康没有风险。     

基于拉伸胶结强度的水泥环一界面完整性评价

油气井工作液密度降低或油气开采必将导致井筒内压降低,使水泥环一界面受到拉伸作用,造成水泥环与套管发生剥离,从而产生微环隙。过去由于没有拉伸胶结强度测量装置和方法,在进行水泥环封隔完整性研究和设计时,均采用水泥环一界面的剪切胶结强度或者水力胶结强度,导致在水泥浆体系优选和封隔完整性设计时存在不足。为此,根据水泥环工作时的受力过程,研制了水泥环一界面拉伸胶结强度测试装置并提出了相应的测量方法,基于该装置进行了水泥浆体系优选及一界面封隔完整性评价。通过对比水泥环一界面拉伸胶结强度和剪切胶结强度,发现前者约是后者的0.37～0.45,采用剪切胶结强度进行水泥浆体系优选或封隔完整性评价可能导致水泥环一界面封隔失效。实验发现,在高压养护条件下胶乳水泥浆体系一界面拉伸胶结强度大于膨胀增韧水泥浆体系和自愈合水泥浆体系一界面拉伸胶结强度。将水泥环一界面拉伸胶结强度作为油气井固井水泥浆实验设计、评价水泥环封隔完整性的重要依据之一,更能保证油气井安全生产运行。     

脉冲等离子渗氮预处理后对AISI304奥氏体不锈钢疲劳行为的综合分析

This study aims to draw an exact boundary for microstructural and mechanical behaviors in terms of pulsed plasma nitriding conditions. The pulsed plasma nitriding treatment was applied to AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel at different temperatures and durations. Results reveal that nitriding depth increased as process temperature and duration increase. The nitriding depth remarkably increased at 475°C for 8 h and at 550°C for 4 h. An austenite structure was transformed into a metastable nitrogen-oversaturated body-centered tetragonal expanded austenite (S-phase) during low-temperature plasma nitriding. The S-phase was converted to CrN precipitation at 475°C for 8 h and at 550°C for 4 h. Surface hardness and fatigue limit increased through plasma nitriding regardless of process conditions. The best surface hardness and fatigue limit were obtained at 550°C for 4 h because of the occurrence of CrN precipitation.     

滑动弧放电等离子体激励的值班火焰头部放电特性实验

滑动弧放电等离子体在拓宽燃烧室点熄火边界、缩短点火延迟时间、提高燃烧效率等方面具有显著优势。在已有燃油裂解头部的基础上,优化滑动弧放电位置,创新地研制了基于滑动弧放电等离子体激励的燃烧室值班火焰头部,并对其放电特性开展了实验研究,着重分析了不同空气流量和输入电压对电弧动态特性、滑动模式、平均击穿电压、平均功率、平均旋转角速度的影响。结果表明：提出的方案能在文氏管与燃油喷嘴之间形成稳定的旋转滑动弧放电区域,同时存在两种不同的放电模式,即steady arc gliding (A-G) 模式和breakdown gliding (B-G) 模式,受空气流量和输入电压的显著影响,当空气流量小于200 L/min时,在140~240 V的输入电压下,主要以A-G模式放电,随着空气流量的增加向B-G模式发展,而随着输入电压的增加,A-G模式占比逐渐增大;放电平均击穿电压、旋转角速度随着输入电压的增加或空气流量的减小而减小,但平均功率随输入电压的增大而增大。