Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (bottom-up effect). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (top-down effect). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

应用浮游藻类评价桂湖水质的研究

于2004年应用浮游藻类对桂林旅游景点——桂湖水质进行监测评价，初步探讨了桂湖浮游藻类与水质的相互关系．研究内容：浮游藻类的组成、生物种类、生物数量、指示生物、均匀度指数、多样性指数及理化对照监测等．结果表明：桂湖含有浮游藻类7门69属138种，主要种类为硅藻和绿藻；水质评价指数大多数样点达到清洁水质标准，少数有轻度污染，桂湖水质整体为清洁。     

基于多元共生遗传神经网络的藻类预测仿真

提出一种多元共生遗传神经网络(PGANN),从遗传算法和神经网络——进化和学习两方面及其相互关系着手完善进化过程,以提高优化效果和泛化能力。该算法包括一个共生平衡交叉算子,一种多元选择策略和一种神经网络的分级优化策略,其中共生平衡算子能够兼顾进化过程中的方向性、多样性和自适应性;多元选择策略能够适应进化过程不同时段对选择压力不同的需求;而分级优化使运算规模和运算速度之间的矛盾得到缓解。将该改进的遗传神经网络PGANN应用于水库和湖泊有毒的优势蓝绿藻爆发预测,取得了满意的效果。     

固定化藻类对污水中磷的净化能力研究

采用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋固定藻类,对人工污水进行静态模拟净化试验,研究了蛋白核小球藻、突变衣藻、鱼腥藻和双对栅藻在固定和悬浮状态下对污水中磷的净化效率以及藻类的生长特性。结果表明：固定化藻细胞比悬浮态藻细胞具有生长更趋于稳定、藻类的活性保持时间更长的优势。4种藻类中,小球藻和鱼腥藻在污水中的生长状况更好,较适宜采用海藻酸钙凝胶包埋固定化技术。在固定状态下,蛋白核小球藻、突变衣藻、鱼腥藻和双对栅藻对磷的去除率在第3天达到最大值,分别为39.8%、28.3%、33.0%和30.7%。因此,小球藻更适用于去除污水中的磷,是较为优良的除磷藻种。     

大连水云科藻类的研究

大连地区水云科藻类有9属19种,其中前人报道过的2种,本地区新记录17种。在这17种中,有11种是我国首次记录。本文对新记录种的形态、生态与分布作简要描述。     

管藻目绿藻叶绿素蛋白复合物PAGE分离方法的优化

以高等植物菠菜为对照，对管藻目绿藻刺松藻和假根羽藻叶绿素蛋白复合物的ＰＡＧＥ分离方法进行了优化。选择ＳＤＳ，ＤＯＣ，ＤＭＧ和ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００４种去污剂在不同的浓度、比例及增溶时间条件下，对色素蛋白复合物的分离效果进行了比较，并对电泳分离条件做了部分改进，提高了分辨率。     

Heavy metal accumulation by bacteria and other microorganisms

Summary Bacteria, and other microorganisms, exhibit a number of metabolism-dependent and-independent processes or the uptake and accumulation of heavy metals and radionuclides. The removal of such harmful substances from effluents and waste waters by microbe-based technologies may provide an alternative or additional means of metal/radionuclide recovery for economic reasons and/or environmental protection. Both living and dead cells as well as products derived from or produced by microorganisms can be effective metal accumulators and there is evidence that some biomass-based clean-up processes are economically viable. However, many aspects of metal-microbe interactions remain unexploited in biotechnology and further development and application is necessary, particularly to the problem of radionuclide release into the environment.     

河北秦皇岛仙菜科Ceramiaceae红藻的分类研究

仙菜科Ceramiaceae是重要的海洋大型红藻类群,具有重要的研究价值和经济价值,但因其个体微小脆弱、形态多变等,分类上还存在许多不足。本研究利用生物冷冻切片及显微拍照等技术,通过形态解剖方法,对2019-2021年采自我国秦皇岛沿岸海域的仙菜科红藻进行分类学研究。经鉴定,样品中包括仙菜属Ceramium 3种,即波登仙菜Ceramium boydenii Gepp、三叉仙菜C.kondoi Yendo和孙氏仙菜(新拟名)C.sungminbooi J.R.Hughey et G.H.Boo,其中孙氏仙菜为我国新纪录种;对丝藻属Antithamnion 1种,即多姿对丝藻Antithamnion defectum Kylin;绢丝藻属Callithamnion 1种,即绢丝藻Callithamnion corymbosum(Smith)Lyngbye。本文对新纪录种及其他物种进行详细的形态特征描述,提供了解剖学特征图片及生物地理分布信息等内容。研究结果丰富了中国仙菜科的物种多样性。     

Vidalols A and B,new anti-inflammatory bromophenols from the Caribbean marine red algaVidalia obtusaloba

Chemical studies of the Caribbean red algaVidalia obtusaloba have resulted in the isolation of two new bromophenolic metabolites, vidalols A and B (1, 2). The new compounds were discovered as part of an organized effort to isolate new naturally-occurring anti-inflammatory agents with a focus upon those which may function through the inhibition of phospholipase A₂.