恩施市牲猪传染病的调查及发生特点研究

对来自恩施市城区及周围的宰杀牲猪进行普查和对几个乡兽医站进行抽样调查， 记录了常发的牲猪传染病６ 种。由于病情的阶段不同，上述疾病病理剖检变化的程度有差异。结合对恩施市肉联厂牲猪疾病的检出记录，对恩施市范围内牲猪的高发传染病进行了统计分析，讨论和总结了牲猪传染病流行的特点和发展规律。     

版纳近交小耳猪BMP的提取及其骨诱导活性的初步研究

目的 :观察版纳近交系小耳猪骨形成蛋白的成骨活性。方法 :用Urist方法从版纳小耳猪骨和普通猪骨中提取骨形成蛋白,SDS -PAGE凝胶电泳测定小耳猪BMP的相对分子量。将剂量为2mg、5mg的小耳猪和普通猪BMP分别植入4组小鼠股部肌袋 ,分别于术后第7天、14天和28天取材,通过拍摄股部X线片、组织学观察和测定组织中碱性磷酸酶活性 ,观察小耳猪BMP诱导成骨活性。结果 :小耳猪BMP是一含14、22、27、36、48、66KD六种成分的蛋白多肽 ,所有BMP植入组放射学观察均未见明显高密度影形成。组织学观察BMP植入第7天可见大量间充质细胞分化并向软骨细胞转化 ,第14天有大量软骨形成 ,第28天见成熟板层骨并有骨髓形成。ALP活性测定结果显示5mgBMP植入组ALP活性明显高于2mgBMP植入组 ,但同等剂量的小耳猪BMP和普通猪BMP植入组的ALP活性无差异。结论 :版纳近交小耳猪BMP具有较好的成骨诱导活性 ,且sepBMP的成骨能力与植入剂量有关 ,但其成骨诱导活性与相同剂量的普通猪BMP相比无明显差别。     

中草药有效成分对生长育肥猪胴体性状和肉质特性的影响

选用 2 0 kg左右的“杜长大”三元杂交猪 80头 ,随机分成对照组、试验组 ,饲养试验后进行屠宰试验和肉品质测定。与对照组相比 ,试验组猪的胴体瘦肉率、眼肌面积分别提高 4.2 0 % (P<0 .0 5)和 1 0 .92 % (P<0 .0 5) ;而脂肪率、板油重 (腹脂 )和平均背膘厚分别下降 2 0 .85% (P<0 .0 5)、2 2 .1 6% (P<0 .0 5)和 2 8.2 1 % (P<0 .0 5)。大理石纹评分提高 1 6.48% (P<0 .0 5) ;失水率、贮存损失分别降低 5.0 3% (P<0 .0 5)和 2 0 .35% (P<0 .0 5) ,熟肉率提高 6.0 3% ;肌肉干物质和肌间脂肪含量分别提高 5.36% (P<0 .0 5)和 49.73% (P<0 .0 1 )。上述结果表明 ,添加含有中草药有效成分的添加剂 ,能明显改善生长育肥猪的胴体性状和肉质特性。     

Distribution of lysozyme in guinea pigs: Implications for the function of gastrointestinal lysozyme in herbivores

Summary High levels of gastrointestinal lysozyme were present in the stomach of guinea pigs, but not in other portions of the gastrointestinal tract. Because the cecum is the fermentation organ of guinea pigs, these observations call into question the validity of the current hypothesis that the gastrointestinal lysozyme of herbivores functions in the digestion of bacteria from the anterior fermentation organ.Supported in part by grants RR00515 and RR05465 from the National Institutes of Health.     

Occurrence and assessment of veterinary antibiotics in swine manures: A case study in East China

We investigated the occurrence of 14 selected antibiotics including five therapeutic classes of tetracyclines,sulfonamides,macrolides,fluoroquinolones and chloramphenicols in manures collected from four swine farms of different sizes in eastern China.Tetracyclines(tetracycline,oxytetracycline,chlortetracycline,and doxycycline) and sulfadiazine were the most prominent contaminants in the manure samples,with maximum concentrations reaching 98.2 × 10 3,354.0 × 10 3,139.4 × 10 3,37.2× 10 3,and 7.1× 10 3 μg/kg,respectively.The occurrence of these compounds was dependent on breeding scale,animal type,and breeding season.Manure storage and vermiculture were not able to effectively deplete the heavier contaminants(tetracyclines and sulfadiazine),resulting in high levels of these chemicals remaining in manures.Therefore,the occurrence of these antibiotics in agricultural soils(0.1-205.1 μg/kg) collected from four types of agricultural land(pear orchard,tea plantation,bamboo forest,and paddy field) near the studied farms,was a reflection of manure application.However,the extremely high concentrations of antibiotics in manures were unlikely from feed consumption,but from other direct forms of medicine application.     

慢性热应激对猪肠道CD3^＋T细胞表达的影响

以猪肠道CD3＋T细胞为研究对象,旨在观察慢性热应激对猪肠道黏膜免疫功能的影响。12头小型猪随机平均分成热应激组和常温对照组两组。人工气候室内,热应激组模拟夏季炎热气候,气温从26～39℃24h循环变温,在39℃时维持4h;常温对照组在24℃下饲养。试验持续10d,热应激10d后39℃高温持续期结束剖杀试验猪,取其十二指肠中段、空肠及回肠中段进行固定、石蜡切片、免疫组织化学染色,观察十二指肠、空肠及回肠中CD3＋T细胞数量的变化。结果显示：实验猪十二指肠黏膜上皮层、固有层及十二指肠肠腺均呈CD3强阳性,与对照组相比,CD3阳性面积系数显著上升（P〈0.05）;空肠和回肠黏膜上皮层的CD3阳性细胞数量也显著增加（P〈0.05）,而固有层中的CD3阳性细胞数量则无明显变化,增加的幅度小于十二指肠。慢性热应激中实验猪肠道结构严重受损,消化吸收功能严重下降,而肠道CD3＋T细胞的增多,可能是机体肠道黏膜免疫功能的一种代偿性增强反应。     

Leukocyte mobilization from the guinea pig spleen by muscarinic cholinergic stimulation

Important interactions between the immune system and the nervous and endocrine systems have become increasingly accepted. The present results demonstrate that the cholinergic agonist carbacholine greatly increased the number of granulocytes and lymphocytes in the splenic venous blood, but not arterial blood, shortly after administration to guinea pigs. The effect was largely blocked by pretreatment with atropine. In contrast, animals treated with indomethacin had a decreased number of leukocytes in both splenic venous and arterial blood. A decrease in relative splenic weight due to carbacholine treatment was also blocked by atropine. However, cholinergic leukocyte mobilization, or that previously observed after adrenergic stimulation, may not be caused by capsule contraction since it is not accompanied by mobilization of erythrocytes. Furthermore, indomethacin, which potentiates the response of splenic smooth muscle to adrenergic stimuli, blocked the effect of noradrenaline (NA) on leukocyte mobilization.     

猪源大肠埃希氏菌表面超微结构的研究

用透射电镜对磷钨酸负染后的大肠埃希氏菌表面结构进行了研究。结果显示 :①此株猪源致病性大肠埃希氏菌的菌体大小为 0 7± 0 0 8μm× 1 5 4± 0 33μm ,鞭毛的直径为31 0nm ,菌毛的直径约 2 0nm、长度约 0 1 8μm ;②菌体一端及周围有多个乳头状突起。乳头状突起与鞭毛的着生位置基本一致 ,数量也基本吻合 ,命名为鞭毛囊 ;③菌体表面凹凸不平 ,放大至 1 0万倍时 ,其形状为脑回状     

巴马猪椎间盘退变模型的建立

目的 建立巴马猪腰椎间盘退变模型。方法 巴马小型猪6头,每组3头,分别为对照组(Con组),造模组(Mod组)。Con组不进行任何处理, Mod组在C形臂X光引导下确定猪L2-3、L3-4、L4-5、L5-6椎间隙,用1%的利多卡因进行浸润麻醉,用16G的引导针沿定位点穿刺椎间盘。穿透纤维环后侧后,呈放散状将椎间盘进行针刺破坏,每个间盘进行6次穿刺,每个角度间隔30度,分别于实验前及实验后1个月对巴马猪腰椎间盘行放射学及组织学观察。结果 Con组椎间盘未见明显变化, Mod组行MRI检查,发现进行穿刺的椎间盘出现间隙变窄,椎间盘后突,硬膜囊受压,髓核信号缺失,纤维环变形等改变,按照Pfirrmann分级标准,处理后的椎间盘在Ⅲ～Ⅳ级;病理组织学观察,与Con组比较,Mod组的椎间盘髓核呈白色胶冻状,穿刺部位椎间盘厚度下降,髓核发暗、含量减少,通道周围组织广泛硬化,纤维环结构粗糙。结论 C形臂X光定位下通过针刺破坏巴马小猪纤维环及椎间盘的方法,可以获得一种可靠的椎间盘退行病变模型。     

六种全身麻醉药对豚鼠心电图的影响

目的观察和比较六种全麻药对豚鼠心电图的影响。方法观察并记录豚鼠在清醒状态下的心电图30 min以及给予各种相应剂量的麻醉给药后的心电图120 min,对给药后出现的异常心电图进行分析,并计算异常率。结果戊巴比妥钠、水合氯醛、乌拉坦、氯醛糖、氯-乌合剂和乙醚对豚鼠正常心电图的影响率分别为37.5%、25%、25%、12.5%、25%和25%。结论六种全麻药均对豚鼠正常心电图有一定的影响,建议选择清醒状态下的豚鼠进行心电图监测。