Differential expression analysis and regulatory network reconstruction for genes associated with muscle growth and adipose deposition in obese and lean pigs

During the growth and development of skeletal muscle cells and adipose cells, the regulatory mechanism of micro-effect polygenes determines porcine meat quality, carcass characteristics and other relative quantitative traits. Obese and lean type pig breeds show obvious differences in muscle growth and adipose deposition; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this phenotypic variation remains unknown. We used pathway-focused oligo microarray studies to examine the expression changes of 140 genes associated with muscle growth and adipose deposition in longissimus dorsi muscle at six growth stages (birth, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months) of Landrace (a leaner, Western breed) and Taihu pigs (a fatty, indigenous, Chinese breed). Variance analysis (ANOVA) revealed that differences in the expression of 18 genes in Landrace pigs and 3 genes in Taihu pigs were very significant (FDR adjusted permutation, P < 0.01) and differences for 22 genes in Landrace pigs and 7 genes in Taihu pigs were significant (FDR adjusted permutation, P < 0.05) among six growth stages. Clustering analysis revealed a high level of significance (FDR adjusted, P < 0.01) for 4 gene expression patterns, in which genes that strongly up-regulated were mainly associated with the positive regulation of myofiber formation and fatty acid biogenesis and genes that strongly down-regulated were mainly associated with the inhibition of cell proliferation and positive regulation of fatty acid β-oxidation. Based on a dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) model, gene regulatory networks (GRNs) were reconstructed from time-series data for each pig breed. These two GRNs initially revealed the distinct differences in physiological and biochemical aspects of muscle growth and adipose deposition between the two pig breeds; from these results, some potential key genes could been identified. Quantitative, real-time RT-PCR (QRT- PCR) was used to verify the microarray data for five modulated genes, and a good correlation between the two measures of expression was observed for both two pig breeds at different growth stages (r=0.876 ± 0.095). These results highlight some possible candidate genes for porcine meat quality and carcass traits and provide some data on which gene (s) should be further studied for elucidating the molecular mechanism of muscle growth and fat deposition.     

规模化养猪场沼气发电碳减排效益案例研究

对赣西山区某规模化养猪场沼气发电的碳减排效益进行了分析,表明规模化养猪场沼气发电工程具有可观的碳减排量和很好的环境、社会效益,如果碳减排指标能以合理的价格在碳市场出售,建设养猪场沼气工程的投资回报将大大改善。对于建立碳市场过程中对沼气发电碳减排指标的定价具有一定的指导意义。     

国内不同地区实验用小型猪种群微生物感染状况调查

目的为开展实验用小型猪选育前微生物抗体的检测工作,对北京、重庆、云南、贵阳、广西、上海六省市9家单位饲养的小型猪进行微生物、寄生虫抗体检测,以了解国内不同地区实验用小型猪的微生物感染状况。方法采集9家单位小型猪的血清样本,用血清学方法对其进行14项微生物和寄生虫学指标的检测。结果不同种群的小型猪病原微生物感染情况均不相同。结论对小型猪选育时,在按照遗传学指标选育的同时,尽量选择微生物感染率低的小型猪,同时应改善动物饲养管理条件,完善动物防疫制度。     

贵州小型猪心肌细胞超微结构的观察

观察贵州小型猪心肌细胞的形态和结构。方法应用透射电镜进行观察。结果贵州小型猪心肌细胞的肌丝有规律排列形成的周期性横纹明显可见,可分辨出Z线I、带、A带、H带和M线;在肌丝周围有丰富的线粒体;肌浆网不丰富,横小管十分细小,未见二联体;在Z线处,可见心肌细胞之间含有3种连接方式的特有连接结构——润盘。结论贵州小型猪心肌细胞的超微结构与人类极为相似,但也有其自身的特点。     

猪脏器中痕量喹诺酮类药物的胶束毛细管电泳在线富集技术检测

利用胶束毛细管电泳在线推扫(sweeping)富集技术建立分离检测猪脏器(肝脏和肾脏)中残留的痕量环丙沙星、氧氟沙星和恩诺沙星3种喹诺酮类药物的方法.采用未涂层的熔硅弹性石英毛细管(48.5 cm×75 μm,有效柱长40 cm),以硼砂(20 mmoL/L)-十二烷基硫酸钠(80 mmoL/L)(SDS)(pH=9.6)为缓冲溶液,紫外检测波长278 nm,分离电压18 kV,进样压力1.5 kPa,样品经过三氯乙酸去蛋白处理直接在线sweeping富集,在200 s内可实现对环丙沙星、氧氟沙星和恩诺沙星的分离检测,其中环丙沙星富集倍数可达600倍.环丙沙星、氧氟沙星和恩诺沙星的检测限分别为0.007,0.016,0.020 mg/L.胶束毛细管电泳在线推扫富集技术可用于动物食品中残留的痕量药物检测.     

局部非冻结性冷暴露对豚鼠周围神经形态结构的影响

在３６ 只成年雄性豚鼠上观察了动物后半身受到４ ±２ ℃局部冷暴露后周围神经形态结构的变化。结果表明：冷暴露后坐骨神经内的微血管充血;有髓纤维从施兰氏切迹和郎飞氏结附近开始呈现进行性的髓鞘变性,以暴露后３ 天最为严重。此时电镜显示髓鞘板层分离、断裂,间距明显增大。冷暴露后７ 天显示纤维再生与变性并存。与细纤维相比,粗纤维较早发生变性,也更为明显。在非冷暴露部位的上肢桡神经上未观察到上述变化     

藏猪血液蛋白多态性的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直平板电泳法研究了四川、云南两地藏猪的Ｔｆ、Ｐａ、Ｐｏ、Ａｍ Ⅰ、Ａｍ Ⅱ、Ｃｐ、Ｈｐ、Ｆｓ基因座的血液蛋白多态性,结果表明：（１）所测基因座均呈现多态性;（２）两地藏猪间存在由于不同地理环境、选育水平等所导致的地方类群差异,但基因频率差异不显著．     

小型猪近交系鉴定研究进展

本文综述了国内外小型猪近交系鉴定方法的研究进展,包括：异体皮肤移植鉴定、基因组水平鉴定、生理生化标记、同工酶蛋白质鉴定、DNA遗传标记、SNP分析等分子遗传学的方法。综合分析,异体皮肤移植技术是大型哺乳动物近交系最佳鉴定方法。该技术将为我国创新资源近交系猪培育和开发利用奠定科学基础,为大型哺乳动物近交系鉴定提供科学的检测技术和方法,并使我国大型哺乳动物近交系研究处于国际领先地位。     

高糖高脂饲料诱导的小型猪肥胖模型

目的 探讨高脂高糖饲料对巴马小型猪脂肪分布与血液生化指标的影响。方法 巴马小型猪14头,实验组8头,为本实验室培育的2型糖尿病易感小型猪,饲喂高脂高糖饲料30周;对照组6头饲喂正常饲料。30周后测定体型系数、CT扫描脂肪含量、采集血液检测生化指标,比较实验组与对照组的差异。结果 高脂高糖饲料饲喂30周后实验组动物与对照组动物在体质量、体质指数(BMI)、脂肪总含量差异显著(P<0.05),内脏脂肪含量差异极显著(P<0.01);血液生化指标中胰岛素、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、甘油三脂与对照组相比差异极为显著(P<0.01),低密脂蛋白胆固醇与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。此外,实验组巴马小型猪血清蛋白、肌酸酐与对照组差异显著(P<0.05);尿酸、尿素与对照组差异极显著(P<0.01),显示实验组小型猪呈现肾损伤。结论 高脂高糖饮食能够引起巴马小型猪脂肪堆积,内脏脂肪堆积尤为明显,血液生化指标呈高脂血症伴有肾功能的损伤。     

小型猪2 型糖尿病模型研究进展

摘要: 小型猪在生理学、解剖组织学、饮食结构和营养代谢等方面与人高度相似,已成为人类疾病模型研究的关注热点。本文在简要介绍2 型糖尿病发生机制和啮齿类动物模型的局限后,重点阐述了高脂高能量饮食和药物诱导小型猪2 型糖尿病模型的特点,及基因工程小型猪模型的研究进展和存在不足,并对小型猪2 型糖尿病模型的发展进行了展望。