用基因芯片技术分析干旱胁迫下生殖生长期大麦的基因表达

耐旱性是干旱地区稳定和增加大麦产量的一个关键因素。鉴定出与耐旱性相关的功能基因,一方面可了解大麦的耐旱机理,同时还可以促进利用生物技术来改良大麦的耐旱性。在研究中,2个在耐旱性上具有明显差异的大麦品种Tadmor(耐旱)和WI2291(干旱敏感)被选作材料,采用22000个ESTs(基因表达序列标签)的Affymetrix大麦基因芯片Barley1来分析生殖生长期干旱胁迫下2个大麦材料的差异表达基因。研究结果表明,干旱胁迫下2个大麦材料中有77个共调节基因,其中部分基因已被报道过可能与抗旱性相关。这些基因中已有功能注释的基因按其生物学功能被分为14组,猜测它们是干旱胁迫的响应基因,在抗旱性上可能不起重要作用,或者是必需的但单独不足以提高大麦的抗旱性。进一步比较2个材料差异表达的基因,发现二材料之间有372个受干旱调节基因的差异。这些基因中有功能注释基因的生物学功能中可分为15组,其中一些已被认为与抗旱性相关;而对那些未知功能的基因,推测可能亦在大麦的抗旱性上扮演一定的角色。研究所得结果可为阐述生殖生长期大麦的耐旱性机理提供新的认识。     

用GEP实现复杂函数的自动建模

GEP是一种新颖的遗传算法,在函数建模的应用中取得良好的结果.给出计算有效基因长度的伪代码,结合GRCM方法阅读基因,快速计算出染色体的适应值.在算法中增加了参数估计模块,用GEP得到较好模型后,用参数估计模块进行参数优化,试验显示这种混合的GEP方法比传统的最小二乘法、神经网络以及遗传程序设计等方法具有更好的性能.     

Mechanisms of sperm-egg interactions emerging from gene-manipulated animals

Untangling the molecular nature of sperm-egg interactions is fundamental if we are to understand fertilization. These phenomena have been studied for many years using biochemical approaches such as antibodies and ligands that interact with sperm or with eggs and their vestments. However, when homologous genetic recombination techniques were applied, most of the phenotypic factors of the gene-manipulated animals believed “essential” for fertilization were found to be dispensable. Of course, all biological systems contain redundancies and compensatory mechanisms, but as a whole the old model of fertilization clearly requires significant modification. In this review, we use the results of gene manipulation experiments in animals to propose the basis for a new vision. Received 26 January 2007; received after revision 7 March 2007; accepted 17 April 2007     

The human genome and understanding of common disease: present and future technologies

The study of candidate genes over the past three decades has yielded notable successes in common-disease genetics. During this time, however, interpretation of genetic association studies has been hampered by the use of clinical cohorts of inadequate power and insufficient information on genetic variation in candidate genes. The unavailability of highthroughput and low-cost genotyping technologies has also limited the scope of complex-disease genetic studies. More recently, however, the sequencing and characterization of variation within the human genome has revolutionized genetic studies and enabled full genome-wide scans for genes associated with disease. The identification of disease-associated (causative) genes has illuminated disease mechanisms. The translation of this knowledge into direct clinical benefit in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy for an individual’s disease still remains a challenge. Received 11 September 2006; received after revision 17 December 2006; accepted 18 January 2007     

中国四个小型猪品种生长激素基因克隆测序及分子进化研究

研究对中国四个小型猪五指山猪、贵州香猪、滇南小耳猪和藏猪的生长激素基因(pGH,porcine growth hormone)进行了克隆测序及构建分子进化树,考察该激素对小型猪体型的影响。通过筛选合适的引物,采用PCR技术,扩增了四个小型猪品种的pGH基因全序列,并对其进行了克隆测序分析。4个小型猪品种pGH基因全长为2006bp,包括5个外显子和4个内含子,CDS全长为648bp。将4个品种小型猪和长白猪、雅南猪、内江猪进行了核苷酸序列比对,共有63处发生了变异,变异率为2.9%,其中外显子有12处变异,全部为转换;内含子有51处发生了变异,包括转换、颠换和缺失。聚类结果基本符合其地方猪种的地理位置分布原则。     

大肠杆菌植酸酶appA的融合表达及耐热性研究

提取大肠杆菌(SUGL)基因组DNA,通过PCR方法从基因组扩增得到植酸酶基因ap-pA,测序结果表明该基因的ORF读框包含1440个核苷酸.将该基因重组于大肠杆菌表达载体pET-32a(+)中,导入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),构建工程菌BL21(DE3)-pET32a-appA.对表达条件进行了优化,在30℃下,以0.1mmol/L IPTG诱导表达植酸酶,表达量达到10%以上.在37℃,用钒钼酸铵法测定了表达的植酸酶活性为40740.7U/g,同时观察不同加热温度对植酸酶活性的影响程度.发现融合表达的     

Identification of an S5n allele in Oryza rufipogon Griff. and its effect on embryo sac fertility

Oryza rufipogon exhibits abundant genetic diversity and contains many elite genes. In this work, a total of 441 accessions of O. rufipogon were genetically examined using the functional marker S5n, revealing that 18 accessions carried the S5n allele with a heterozygous genotype (S5nS5i/j). Of these accessions, 14 were from Guangdong Province, 2 from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 1 from Hainan Province and 1 from Jiangxi Province. Further sequence analysis spanning both sides of the deletion in S5n allel...     

大鼠再生肝8种细胞的葡萄糖代谢基因转录谱预示的代谢活动

为了解大鼠肝再生中8种肝脏细胞的葡萄糖代谢基因转录谱及其预示的葡萄糖代谢活动,用percoll密度梯度离心结合免疫磁珠分选方法分离大鼠再生肝的8种细胞,用RatGenome2302.0芯片等检测上述细胞的葡萄糖代谢基因在大鼠肝再生中的表达变化,用H-Cluster软件分析基因表达模式,用生物信息学和系统生物学等方法分析基因表达变化预示的生理活动.结果表明,48个葡萄糖代谢基因在大鼠肝再生中发生了有意义的表达变化,其中上调、下调和上/下调的基因数分别为20、14、14,上述细胞的相应基因数为14、8和0,11、6和0,6、4和0,7、11和0,11、6和2,6、5和1,12、5和0,9、9和1,呈现21种表达相关性.上述葡萄糖代谢基因转录谱预示,肝细胞和库普弗细胞的3-磷酸甘油醛合成增多,肝细胞和胆管上皮细胞的烯醇式丙酮酸合成增多,肝星形细胞、窦内皮细胞、库普弗细胞、陷窝细胞和树突状细胞的通过三羧酸循环产生ATP活动增强.结论:大鼠肝再生与葡萄糖代谢密切相关.