木犀属的分支系统学分析

基于22个广义的形态学性状,对木犀属进行了分支系统学分析,利用PAUP*计算机程序分别构建了最大简约树(MP)和距离树(NJ、UPGMA),所得树的拓扑结构基本一致.基本上支持P.S.Green的经典分类,圆锥花序组聚为一类,管花木犀组、离瓣木犀组和木犀组聚为一类.木犀组又可以分为2个分支:蒙自桂花、毛木犀、齿叶木犀、岛屿木犀、柊树、坛花木犀、毛柄木犀、狭叶木犀、宁波木犀聚为一个分支;野桂花、桂花、网脉木犀、短丝木犀、显脉木犀、细脉木犀、石山桂、高氏锐叶木犀、红柄木犀和锐叶木犀聚为另外一个分支.除了红柄木犀和无脉木犀外,其结果与经典分类完全相同.不过,管花木犀组、离瓣木犀组和木犀组之间的亲缘关系,在本研究中无法确定,需要分子手段进一步研究.     

昆虫气味结合蛋白基因家族序列多样性分析

运用PCR技术,获得了全长为416 bp的二化螟(Chilo suppressalis)触角普通气味结合蛋白(General Odorant Binding Proteins2,GOBPs2)保守区片段(GenBank:DQ447635),它编码的138个氨基酸残基中含有6个保守的半胱氨酸位点,具有气味结合蛋白的典型特征.凝胶电泳检测PCR产物表明GOBPs2基因在二化螟成虫触角中特异性表达且雌雄虫表达水平相当,但在除触角外的组织中不表达.统计了GenBank中已登录的54种昆虫130余条OBPs序列的分布类型,分别运用Clustal W、MEGA软件比对分析了GOBPs的相似性和同源性以及重新构建了OBPs、PBPs、GOBPs序列的系统发生树.     

六种鱼巴亚科鱼类线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析

 测定了鱼巴亚科云南光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus yunnanensis)、宽头四须鱼巴(Barbodes laticeps)、抚仙金线鱼巴(Sinocyclocheilus tingi)和滇池金线鱼巴(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)4种鱼类线粒体细胞色素b基因DNA序列402bp,结合已知的云南倒刺鱼巴(Spinibarb denticulatus yunnanensis)和细尾长臀鱼巴(Mystacoleucus lepturus)的同源序列,组成1个6种代表鱼巴亚科5属鱼类的数据集.选用已知的云南鲴(Xenocypris yunnanensis)作为外群,采用邻接法、最大简约法和最大似然法构建了分子系统树.结果显示:倒刺鱼巴属(Spinibarbus)和光唇鱼属(Acrossocheilus)有较近的亲缘关系,四须鱼巴属(Barbodes)和长臀鱼巴属(Mystacoleucus)有较近的亲缘关系,而金线鱼巴属(Sinocyclocheilus)和它们的关系不能确定.上述结果与它们的地理分布基本吻合.     

Distances Between Phylogenetic Trees： A Survey

Phylogenetic trees have been widely used in the study of evolutionary biology for representing the tree-like evolution of a collection of species. However, different data sets and different methods often lead to the construction of different phylogenetic trees for the same set of species. Therefore, comparing these trees to determine similarities or, equivalently, dissimilarities, becomes the fundamental issue. Typically, Tree Bisection and Reconnection(TBR)and Subtree Prune and Regraft(SPR) distances have been proposed to facilitate the comparison between different phylogenetic trees. In this paper, we give a survey on the aspects of computational complexity, fixed-parameter algorithms, and approximation algorithms for computing the TBR and SPR distances of phylogenetic trees.     

一株引起厦门地区不同作物感染的Poitrasia circinans分离与鉴定

对从厦门地区2种受感染作物上采集的病原菌株进行鉴定分析,为病害防治提供参考。从厦门市同安国家农业科技园区采集受感染的植物样本,平板分离纯化菌株,提取菌株的总DNA,然后用ITS1和ITS4引物PCR扩增,获得其ITS序列并测序。在Genbank进行比对,采用Paul~*4.0构建进化树。从花生和草莓的地上部分采集到相似菌株,PCR扩增得到的ITS序列相同,Genbank比对与进化分析结果均显示该株菌与已报道的Poitrasia circinans菌株在ITS序列上存在较高相似性。本研究得到的感染花生和草莓的菌株为同一株菌,属于Poitrasia circinans,命名为Poitrasia circinans hxfq.1,这也是福建省首次报道Poitrasia circinans感染作物。     

Evolution and molecular epidemiology of foot-and-mouth disease virus in China

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD),caused by foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV),is considered one of the most important viral diseases of cloven-hoofed animals,causing severe economic losses in affected regions of the world.Three serotypes (A,O,and Asia 1) of FMDV have been identified in China since 1958.In addition,the occurrence of novel subtypes within these serotypes has made the epidemiology of FMDV more complicated over the last few years.In this review,we summarize the history and the current epidemiological situation in China,genetic diversity (e.g.,quasispecies dynamics,antigenic heterogeneity,and functional constraints),intertypic recombination,and the evidence for positive selection of different FMDV serotypes.We also assess these genetic data to understand the origin,evolution,and transmission of FMDV,the findings of which may be useful in developing control measures for future epidemics.     

浙江有尾两栖动物分类与演化的RAPD研究

选用２０个随机短引物和６个随机长引物对来自３个科５个属７个种的有尾两栖动物进行ＲＡＰＤ分析，１２个引物得到清晰的ＤＮＡ扩增图谱，共计２０７条多态性片段。     

沙蜥属13种蜥蜴基于16S rRNA序列的系统发生关系

通过比较13种鬣蜥科沙蜥属蜥蜴的16S rRNA部分序列,并以同科的长鬣蜥属长鬣蜥为外群构建NJ树、ML树和MP树,以探讨该属13种蜥蜴的系统发生关系.PAUP分析结果显示这13种沙蜥分成两个类群,呈并系关系,并且NJ树的结果与ML树和MP树划分结果不同.而MEGA结果支持基于形态学、生态环境和核型分析对该13种的沙蜥的划分,同时NJ树中的13种沙蜥属单系群.     

Evolutionary implications of pyrrolizidine alkaloid assimilation by danaine and ithomiine larvae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Summary Larvae of danaine and ithomiine butterflies assimilate pyrrolizidine alkaloids painted on their larval host plants. This finding supports the theory of the common ancestral use of these compounds by Ithomiinae and Danainae.