高盐、高浓度有机废水蒸发特性实验

 搭建废水动态蒸发实验装置,对精细化工行业常见的蒸氨废水、颜料生产废水开展蒸发分离实验研究以获得废水蒸发特性,为实际蒸发系统设计提供基础数据支持。结果表明：废水的沸点升高随浓缩倍数的增加而逐渐上升,来自不同工艺段的蒸氨废水、颜料生产废水由于浓度差别,在相同的浓缩倍数下沸点升高略有不同;在蒸发过程中,颜料生产废水蒸发冷凝液的COD随着蒸发的进行逐渐降低;不同种类废水蒸发冷凝液的TDS与pH值变化规律大致相同,受原液中易挥发物质及夹带液滴的影响较大,随着浓缩倍数的增加先减小后趋于恒定。     

溶胶-凝胶自蔓延燃烧法制备铜铬黑颜料及表征

以硝酸铜和硝酸铬为原料,硬脂酸为胶凝剂,采用溶胶-凝胶自蔓延燃烧法合成了铜铬黑颜料.考察了原料配比对凝胶的制备,煅烧温度和保温时间对铜铬黑颜料晶型形成的影响,并用热重-差热分析和红外光谱对前驱体,以及扫描电镜、能谱分析和X-射线衍射对产物结构进行表征.结果表明,当硝酸铜和硝酸铬的摩尔比为1∶2,硬脂酸与金属盐的摩尔比为1.25~1.50∶1,煅烧温度为800℃,保温时间为3 h时,制备的铜铬黑颜料纯度高、晶型规整、粒度较小且分布较窄,其平均粒径为60~80 nm.比以柠檬酸为胶凝剂的成本低,比高温固相法和醇-水共沉淀法的煅烧温度和能耗低.     

四萘氧基镉酞菁的合成及电子光谱

以4-硝基邻苯二腈、氯化镉、尿素及钼酸铵为原料,采用熔融法,经过4-萘氧基邻苯二腈合成了四萘氧基镉酞菁化合物,用元素分析、IR、UV、MS对其进行了表征.并研究了该化合物在DMSO和DMF等溶剂中的电子吸收光谱及荧光光谱.     

麦麸米糠混合发酵生产红曲色素条件的研究

以廉价农产品废弃物麦麸和米糠为原料,通过单因素试验,正交试验和附加碳、氮源及微量元素试验,研究了接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间对红曲SM01色素产量的影响。确定了红曲SM01的最佳发酵条件为接种量13%,发酵温度30℃,发酵时间10 d;最佳附加方案为葡萄糖+硝酸铵+甘油+ KH2PO4+ MgSO4。 在上述培养条件下,以低成本的麦麸、米糠、葡萄糖、硝酸铵、甘油及微量元素混合物来代替大米培养红曲霉,色价高达3 789 U/g,降低了约30%的生产成本。     

参薯色素的稳定性研究

研究了pH值、温度、光照、金属离子、几种食品添加剂和氧化还原剂等对紫色参薯色素稳定性的影响.结果表明,色素颜色随着溶液的pH值改变而变化;温度、蔗糖、苯甲酸钠、维生素C、Na+、Cu2+、Ca2+、Zn2+对色素影响很小,而光照、H2O2、SO32-对色素有影响.     

柑桔皮色素的提取及性能表征

对柑桔皮进行了色素提取并对提取色素进行性能表征.用无水乙醇作为提取剂,原料与提取剂质量体积比为1∶9,分三次提取,石油醚萃取醇提取液,分别得油溶性和水溶性色素.该色素理化性质实验表明:水溶性色素最大吸收峰波长为475 nm,而油溶性色素最大吸收峰波长在440 nm,色素溶液的耐光性及耐热性较好,色素溶液自然光照60 d吸光度稳定在1.67×10-2,色泽基本不变,温度在20～90 ℃之间吸光度基本保持不变,高于98 ℃时出现混浊且有退色;常用食品添加剂蔗糖、柠檬酸、防腐剂对色素无不良影响,吸光度稳定为2.0×10-2,颜色不变;溶液的酸度对色素有一定影响,在pH＝2～11范围内,色素溶液吸光度稳定为1.97×10-2;色素的抗氧化性较强,0.1%的H2O2水溶液中,10 d内吸光度稳定,但耐还原性能力差,5 d内基本褪色.     

二次通用旋转设计优化紫玉米芯色素的提取工艺

以一种紫玉米芯为原料,在单因素试验的基础上,以得率为指标,采用四因素二次通用旋转设计方法,对影响紫玉米芯色素提取的工艺奢件进行了优化;结果表明：紫玉米芯色素的优化提取工艺条件为浸提温度40℃、液固比60：1、乙醇体积分数60％、粒径80目、提取时间为3h;在此工艺条件下紫玉米芯色素粗品得率为6．88％,其产品色价达到14。     

酞菁铁的模板合成及其对氧还原的电催化性能

针对直接甲醇燃料电池阴极常用的铂基催化剂易中毒、选择性差等问题,以Fe2＋为模板剂控制合成了酞菁铁配合物催化剂.红外光谱测试表明,Fe2＋与酞菁中的N形成了配键.研究结果表明,随着温度的升高,酞菁铁对氧还原反应的电催化活性逐渐增强,且对甲醇氧化反应无催化活性,证明酞菁铁具有较好的催化选择性.     

苝二酰亚胺敏化TiO_2可见光光催化降解罗丹明B

采用水热法制备了苝二酰亚胺(PTCDI)敏化的光催化剂TiO2/PTCDI以及PTCDI和酞菁铜(CuPc)共敏化的可见光光催化剂(TiO2/PTCDI)-CuPc。利用XRD,TEM和UV-Vis光谱对催化剂进行表面形貌和结构表征。以罗丹明B的光催化降解为模型反应,考察敏化样品的可见光光催化性能。研究表明染料共敏化样品(TiO2/PTCDI)-CuPc的活性比TiO2和TiO2/PTCDI分别提高了223%和113%。应用能带结构理论,阐明了TiO2/PTCDI和(TiO2/PTCDI)-CuPc的光生电子转移路径和光催化降解机理。     

Preparation of Latex Film with Macropores and Their Applications in Pigment Dyeing

Aiming at improving the permeability of the pigment dyed fabrics,two kinds of hydrophilic polymers(polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP),and polyethylene glycol(PEG)were fed into the styrene-butyl acrylate(St-BuA)copolymer latex binder respectively to prepare films with macropores.The effects of the post-added polymers on the latex film formation process and film structures were studied and the performance of the dyed fabrics was evaluated.It was found that the drying process could still be divided into three stages even after the addition of PVP and PEG.And the water evaporation rate during the first and last stage remained the same as usual.However,after the addition of PVP,the onset of the second stage was delayed to high volume fraction,and PVP formed into spherical dispersion phase with 300 nm in diameter.It provided a great deal of interface between the latex polymer and the PVP phase,which led to an increase in the water evaporation rate during the second stage.A different case was found after the feeding of PEG.Firstly,the first stage ended at low volume fraction and a decreased evaporation rate was observed in the second stage.Secondly,the PEG dispersion appeared as finger-like structure in the transmission electron microscopy(TEM)images with 9μm in length.After rinsing,pores were found only in the films formerly containing PVP or PEG,and the shapes and the sizes were closely correlated with the initial morphologies of the PVP or PEG domains.However,the shade of color,the abrasion fastness,and the permeability of the dyed fabric were independent of the type of the post-added hydrophilic polymer.