葡萄光合作用年周期变化规律的研究

本研究结果表明,石河子地区“早生高墨”葡萄的光合作用在年生长周期中呈不规则的三峰曲线(或称双低谷型曲线),其中,在采果前后,生长后期叶片光合作用较强,且主梢成龄叶的光合速率高于发育枝上的叶片。     

Mechanism and estimation of negative entropy flow in terrestrial system

The origin, existence and evolution of life on the earth depend on the negative entropy flow in the terrestrial system (TS). In this paper, we investigate the mechanisms of different negative entropy flows caused by the vertical heat transfer of water phase transition and the gravitational field effect, and the vertical atmospheric heat transfer and the gravitational field effect, under the influences of the sun's radiation, the photosynthesis of the plants, and the earth's rotation. The magnitude orders and the mechanisms of the abovementioned negative entropy flow are also discussed.     

Distribution of lanthanum among the chloroplast subcomponents of spinach and its biological effects on photosynthesis:location of the lanthanum binding sites in photosystem II

Positive, nil and/or negative effects of REEs on crops’ growth and yield were observed by room cultivation or field experiments in many countries. Especially in China, rare earth elements (REEs) containing fertilizers were applied to more than 300 species of field crops, and re-sulted in a mean productivity increase of 5%―15%[1]. Since the 1970s many approaches in the understanding of physiological and biochemical effects of REEs on plantmetabolism, yield and quality have been made[2―4]…     

模拟酸雨对杜仲光合生理及生长的影响

研究了模拟酸雨对杜仲光合生理及生长的影响,结果表明:在系列模拟酸雨胁迫下,无论春、夏、秋季,杜仲叶叶绿素(Chl)含量和Chl a／b值随酸雨pH值降低而降低,呈显著正相关．pH 4．0～5．6酸雨在春、夏、秋季对杜仲叶Hill反应活力、CO2补偿点、光补偿点、光饱和点和最大净光合速率无显著影响,而在pH 3．5～2．5强酸雨胁迫下Hill反应活力逐渐降低,CO2补偿点和光补偿点明显升高,光饱和点、最大净光合速率则显著下降．另外, 酸雨各处理组最大净光合速率与杜仲总生物量、杜仲叶药用有效成分(绿原酸、桃叶珊瑚甙和总黄酮)含量呈显著正相关,表明酸雨通过影响杜仲光合生理活性,进而影响其生长和药用有效成分含量．     

北疆高产棉花(2250kg/hm~2)群体光合、呼吸特性及其与产量关系的研究

在田间自然条件下,研究了北疆高产棉花（２２５０ｋｇ·ｈｍ－２）群体光合速率、呼吸速率的变化及与产量之间的关系。结果表明,公顷产２２５０ｋｇ高产棉花群体光合速率在整个生育期的变化呈单峰型曲线,在盛花期以前稳定上升,至盛铃期达最大,值为４．０５ｇＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｈ－１,吐絮期尚保持较高水平。全生育期平均值为２．６３ｇＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｈ－１。群体呼吸速率随生育时期的变化亦呈现单峰曲线,在盛铃期达最大值。值为２．６９ｇＣＯ２·ｍ－２·ｈ－１,群体呼吸速率的最大值出现时期较群体光合速率晚１５～２０天左右。群体光合速率的日变化呈现单峰型曲线。至中午１４：００～１５：００达最大值。群体呼吸速率日变化的趋势与光合相似,但其最大值较群体光合速率晚出现１ｈ左右。盛花结铃期和吐絮期群体光合速率与皮棉产量呈显著正相关。群体呼吸速率与叶面积指数、干物质重之间的盛花期和吐絮期呈显著正相关,与经济产量也呈正相关,但未达显著水平。     

湖北省小麦新品种旗叶光合速率日变化及相关环境因素分析

本文对湖北省的三个小麦新品种和一个主要栽培品种（CK）旗叶的净光合速率和影响净光合速率的相关环境因子进行了研究。结果表明,四个品种旗叶净光合速率日变化有明显差异,但中午都有光合速率降低的现象,即“午睡”现象发生。环境因子对光合速率影响最大的是相对湿度。单株旗叶同化速率能较全面地反映不同品种旗叶同化能力大小。     

杜仲对不同光强度的适应性研究

研究了不同光强度下一年生杜仲幼苗的光合生理特性。自然光照、一层遮阴、两层遮阴和三层遮阴杜仲幼苗光饱和点分别为：２５ｋｌｘ，２０ｋｌｘ，１７ｋｌｘ和５ｋｌｘ；光补偿点分别为：４．５ｋｌｘ，４．３ｋｌｘ，２．５ｋｌｘ和１．８ｋｌｘ。随生境中光强度的减弱，叶绿素含量增加，；汁绿素ｂ比例增高。生长在弱光环境中的杜仲幼苗株高受抑，叶面积减小，ＣＯ＿２补偿点降低，固定同化ＣＯ＿２能力减弱，净光合速率较低，导致生物产量和桃叶珊瑚甙地含量降低，表明杜仲是喜阳生植物。     

紫玉兰光合特性的日变化

分别在晴天和阴天适宜条件下,对紫玉兰采用TPS1便携式光合测定系统测定其叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度等的日变化.结果表明:在晴天,紫玉兰的光合作用日变化呈双峰型,存在光合午休现象,阴天则为单峰型.蒸腾速率在很大程度上决定于气孔导度,气孔导度与光合速率日变化趋势有很强的正相关关系.     

Effects of ultraviolet radiation B （UV-B） on photosynthesis of natural phytoplankton assemblages in a marine bay in Southern China

Solar ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) is known to have inhibitive effects on phytoplankton photosynthesis. UVB light decreases rapidly with increasing depth in the water column and exerts different degrees of UVB inhibitive effects on phytoplankton photosynthesis. In this study, the objectives were to quantify effects of UVB on phytoplankton photosynthesis and quantum yield, and to examine UVB effects on phytoplankton photosynthesis when light varies. The insitu experiments were conducted in Da Ya Bay, which is a semienclosed area in the subtropical South China. The results showed a significant reduction of photosynthetic rates and quantum yield in the presence of UVB. Maximum photosynthetic rates (Pmax) and maximum quantum yield (Φmax) were 11%-22% and 17%-49% less under solar radiation with UVB than without UVB. A simplified model was developed to describe the UVB biologically effective fluence rate (E*inh) as an exponential decay function of depth. Light-shift experiments, in which water samples from the surface and at depth of 4 m were divided into several subsamples, and each subsamples were then incubated at different depths with and without UVB in the water column, showed that phytoplankton from the deeper water (4 m) had more inhibitive rates by UVB than that from the surface when exposed to the same light condition.     

强光对番茄低温弱光胁迫后不同叶片恢复的影响

5℃低温弱光(60μmol·m-2·s-1)处理3d导致番茄叶片Pn、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ的下降,但F0并没有变化;强光(800μmol·m-2·s-1),25℃条件恢复5h,番茄成熟叶片Pn、Fv/Fm基本能得到恢复,ΦPSⅡ则略有下降;而成长叶片Fv/Fm以及ΦPSⅡ却显著下降,F0也明显增加.恢复3d后成熟叶光合作用、叶绿素荧光参数完全得到恢复,而成长叶虽稍有恢复但仍保持较低水平.