广西道地药材战骨的光合特性研究

【目的】针对广西道地药材战骨(Premna fulva Craib)丰产、高产栽培技术研究缺乏的现状,对战骨光合特点进行测定与分析,旨在了解战骨的光合作用特征,为其人工种植提供科学依据。【方法】采用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统对战骨的光合作用-光响应曲线和光合日变化各指标进行测定。【结果】战骨叶片的最大净光合速率17.07μmol·m-2·s-1,表观量子效率0.047μmol·ml-2·s-1,暗呼吸速率0.620μmol·m-2·s-1,光饱和点1364μmol·m-2·s-1,光补偿点13.14μmol·m-2·s-1。战骨的净光合速率(Pn)日进程呈"双峰型"曲线,偏相关分析表明,Pn与光合有效辐射、气孔导度、蒸腾速率和叶温呈极显著正相关,光合"午休"的主要原因是强光引起的非气孔因素。【结论】战骨具阳生植物的光合特性,适宜种植在阳光充足的生境。     

The characteristics of CO2 assimilation of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence in transgenic PEPC rice

With PEPC, PPDK, NADP-ME and PEPC+ PPDK transgenic and untransformed rice (Orysa sativa L.), the activities of related C₄ photosynthesis enzymes, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, CO₂ exchange and other physiological indexes were compared, in which the physiological characteristics of PEPC transgenic rice were mainly studied. The results were as follows: (ⅰ) The activities of PEPC in PEPC transgenic rice were 20-fold higher than those in untransformed rice; the light-saturation photosynthetic rates and the carboxylation efficiency of PEPC transgenic rice were increased by 55% and 50% more than those of untransformed rice, respectively, while the CO₂ compensation point decreased by 27%. (ⅱ) The PSⅡ photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and photochemical quenching (q_P) of transgenic PEPC rice decreased less in comparison with those of untransformed rice after the treatment with high light intensity (3 h) or methyl viologen (MV), a photooxidative reagent, which demonstrated that the tolerance of PEPC transgenic rice to photoinhibition and photooxidation was enhanced. (ⅲ) Under the condition of high light intensity, the activity of RuBPCase in PEPC transgenic rice did not obviously vary while the activity induced of carbonic anhydrase (CA) in PEPC transgenic rice increased by 1.8 fold. These results would provide some beneficial enlightment for revealing the mechanism of high photosynthetic efficiency and breeding with high photosynthetic efficiency in rice.     

Photosynthesis characteristics of three species of forages in the arid-hot valleys

By using TPS-1 portable photosynthesis measuring system, the photosynthesis characteristics of three kinds of high quality forages used in the arid-hot valley eco-agricultural models in Yuanmou were measured. The paper shows that Pennisetum purpureum Schumach is the heliophilous shade tolerance C4 plant and Styiosanthes guianensis is the heliophilous shade tolerance plant, both of them could make full use of the light energy under the weak light environment and have relatively strong CO2 assimilation capacity. Cajanus cajan（L.） Millspaugh is the strong heliophilous plant with high requirement for light and has a relatively weak CO2 assimilation capacity. Generally, these three kinds of high quality forages are drought resistant and show a relatively good adaptability to the arid-hot valley environment. To improve cultivation administration level and to interplant timely in the forest can be helpful to the ecological niche and to improve the productivity force.     

浅谈光合作用教学中三个问题

阐述了在光合作用教学中应强调三方面的问题,以达到提高学生素质之目的.     

不同密度下地膜甜菜光合、呼吸特性及其与产、质量间相关性的研究

研究了不同密度群体结构下，地膜甜菜光合及呼吸作用的日变化，不同生育期光合、呼吸作用的变化及与产量和经济性状间的相关性。结果表明：低到中等密度下（４５０００～７５０００株·ｈｍ－２）群体光合、呼吸作用日变化为双峰曲线，高密度下（１０５０００株·ｈｍ－２）为单峰曲线。中－高密度下，群体表观光合强度和呼吸强度日变化均为单峰曲线。密度越大，随生育期推进，表观光合强度下降越明显，而净光合强度则大幅度降低。密度较高，个体的生长受到显著抑制，单位面积的生物学产量明显增加。密度过大导致单根重大幅度下降，含糖量降低，产糖量反而下降。相关分析表明，地膜甜菜群体光合、呼吸作用与甜菜个体生长相关性较好而与群体含糖率、产粮糖量间相关性较差，与地上部生长相关性较好而与根部生长相关性较差。三项指标中，呼吸作用、表观光合强度与作物生长相关性好而净光合强度只与单根重有较好相关性。     

生命科学中的可持续发展教育

在阐述了可持续发展的内涵和开展可持续发展教育必要性的基础上，以生物多样性和光合作用的教学为例，探讨了结合生物学科有关课程的教学，采用渗透的方式开展可持续发展教育的可行性，使学生在专业课的学习过程中进一步提高环境保护意识，树立可持续发展观念。     

Kinetics of charge separation and energy transfer in photosystem II reaction center

Conclusion In the present study we investigated the kinetics of the initial charge separation and energy transfer in the PS II reaction center using pico-second and femto-second time-resolved techniques. We conclude that there are energy transfer processes between ?-Car or Pheo and P680 in the PSII reaction center. The time constant of energy transfer from Pheo to P680 is less than 100 ps, while that from (?-Car to P680 is about 350 ps. For the initial charge separation in the PS II reaction center, the preliminary finding supported the about 3-ps time constant of charge separation. The possible kinetic scheme in PS II reaction center was proposed. Further experiments are in progress.     

遮荫对香水百合光合特性及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

研究了不同遮荫度(遮光率:57.5%,75.5%,83.4%,88.9%)对香水百合的光合特性、叶绿素荧光参数、叶绿素含量及叶绿素a/b的影响.结果表明:遮荫后显著降低了香水百合的净光合速率、胞间CO2浓度、气孔导度、蒸腾速率、最大荧光产量、最大可变荧光和PSⅡ的光化学效率,但是初始荧光差异不显著;随着遮荫时间的延长,叶绿素含量降低,叶绿素a/b值先升高后降低.综合分析认为:在雅安种植香水百合用大棚即可满足其对光照条件的需求.     

不同生境条件下续断的光合特性研究

以三个产地不同生境的续断(鹤峰县太平、鱼塘坝高硒区、巴东县绿葱坡)为试材,利用TPS-1便携式光合作用测定系统,对其叶片光合日变化、光响应曲线进行比较研究,运用非直角双曲线模型并结合SPSS软件的非线性回归估算其光合作用参数.结果表明:续断净光合速率日变化为典型的单峰曲线,最高峰值出现在11:00左右.续断光补偿点(LCP)为21.120~66.052μmol/m2s,光饱和点(LSP)为300.793~689.710μmol/m2s,三者有一定差异,其中硒元素富集的恩施鱼塘坝和续断的道地产地鹤峰县太平对光的适应能力较强.