作物高产性的光合碳同化生理限制因子分析

对影响作物高产的光合作用碳同化的生理限制因子进行了分析，提出内外因子结合考虑是提高作物的光合效率和产量的关键．     

小麦穗光合作用对干旱胁迫的响应

研究了土壤干旱胁迫下小麦（Triticum aestivum L．）穗光合作用的特点．结果表明，干旱胁迫下，穗光合速率下降幅度远小于叶片，类胡萝卜素与叶绿素的比值较高且稳定，PEPC活性诱导增强，暗示穗器官有较强的耐逆性，旗叶是较敏感的器官．     

构建C4水稻——一场新绿色革命的挑战

国际上正在探讨新绿色革命的突破口,企图在现有良好株型的基础上,提高叶片的光合效率,其中构建C4水稻可能是一条有效的途径.本文简述了转C4基因水稻的工作意义、技术途径、生理特点以及进一步研究的问题,为中国培育高光效超高产新品种提供参考.     

水稻冠层不同高度光合有效辐射动态与叶片光合作用特性研究

在当前CO2环境以及600μmol/mol air的开顶箱中,测量水稻冠层离水田泥土45 cm和90 cm处光合有效辐射的变动以及叶片的动态光合速率,探讨高CO2环境下光强变动与光合作用关系的潜在变化.结果表明:1)水稻冠层90 cm处的平均光强是45 cm处的3～4倍,但晴天光强的时间变异系数比45 cm处低55％～...     

Distribution of lanthanum among the chloroplast subcomponents of spinach and its biological effects on photosynthesis： location of the lanthanum binding sites in photosystem Ⅱ

The effects of lanthanum at different concentrations on the related photosynthetic activities of Hill reaction, Mg^2＋-ATPase and Ca^2＋-ATPase in spinach chloroplast were studied. Experimental results showed that lanthanum can increase all the activities at suitable concentration （15-30 mg· L^-1）, however, it behaves toxically on them when over used （60 mg. L^-1）. To get an improved understanding of the mechanism of lanthanum effects on the photosynthesis of spinach, the different subcomponents in the chloroplast of the cultured spinach were isolated, and the content of lanthanum in each subcomponent was determined by ICP-MS. The results obtained indicated that among these different subcomponents, about 90% out of the total chloroplast lanthanum was located in photosystem Ⅱ （PS Ⅱ） while there was little lanthanum in photosystem Ⅰ （PS Ⅰ）. Moreover, size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography （SE-HPLC） coupled with online UV and ICP-MS detections was novelly used for locating lanthanum binding sites in PS Ⅱ proteins for the first time. It was found that lanthanum has two binding sites in PS Ⅱ： La associates with chlorophyll together with magnesium in PS Ⅱ by partly replacing magnesium and also shares the common binding sites of PS Ⅱ proteins together with the inorganic cofactors of calcium and manganese, influencing the process of photosynthesis.     

光照对坛紫菜生长和无机碳利用的影响

］以坛紫菜Z-61品系为研究材料,分析坛紫菜叶状体和丝状体在三种光强（10,50,500 μmol·m-2·s-1）下的应答。发现:1）坛紫菜叶状体和丝状体的光系统 Ⅱ 最大量子产量及叶绿素a和藻红蛋白的含量都随光强增加而降低,但净光合速率、最大光合速率、胞外碳酸酐酶活性和总碳酸酐酶活性则随光强增加而增加。2）当光强从10 μmol·m-2·s-1增加到500 μmol·m-2·s-1时,坛紫菜叶状体的生长速率约增加77%;丝状体的生长速率先增加后降低,在光强500 μmol·m-2·s-1下达到最低,比在10 μmol·m-2·s-1下显著下降了约90%。3）在三种光强下,坛紫菜叶状体的最大光合速率、光系统 Ⅱ 最大量子产量和生长速率都大幅高于丝状体。这些结果表明:坛紫菜的光系统 Ⅱ、光合作用与生长对光强的应答并不完全一致;叶状体比丝状体更适应高光,这可能是长期进化的结果;光强可以改变坛紫菜对无机碳的吸收。     

近年来光合作用领域的前沿和热点研究——基于WOS高被引论文的科技术语分析

科技术语是科技论文的基本要素和重要特征,光合作用研究论文中存在大量的科技术语。基于数据驱动的科技术语分析能够对学科领域的动态发展和演变起到较好的揭示和印证作用。文章以VOSviewer软件为主要分析工具,对Web of Science数据库中光合作用领域近三年的高被引论文和热点论文中的科技术语进行计量分析和可视化呈现。分析比较的结果表明,近年来光合作用的研究热点集中在“自然光合作用的机理探究”“光合作用与环境变化”“人工光合的应用和发展”三个方向,“光催化剂”成为这几年光合作用领域研究的前沿。     

土壤湿度对墨兰叶片生长和光合速率的影响

将墨兰种植在不同土壤湿度的培养缸内５个月。从叶片生长速率和光合速率来衡量，得知最适宜于叶片生长的土壤保水力为７０％左右（即土壤含水量３６％）．当土壤保水力下降到５０％（即土壤含水量２７％）时，叶片生长和光合速率都下降，时间一长就会死亡，文中讨论土壤最适湿度与土壤保水力和通气状况有关．     

喜树(Camptotheca acuminate)幼苗形态和光合作用对不同光环境的适应

选择旷地、林隙、林下3种光环境，研究了喜树幼苗总生物量、生物量分配、株高、基茎、叶面积和光合作用的差异,结果表明：①旷地中幼苗的平均相对生长速率最大，总生物量累积最大，地下部分生物量分配明显增多；林隙中叶生物量比显著增加；林下茎生物量比显著增加．②在林下和林隙环境中，喜树幼苗增加高度以截获更多的光能,比叶面积在林隙、林下显著高于旷地．③3种光环境中，净光合速率日变化均呈单峰型，约在中午12：00时达到峰值，旷地中日均净光合速率大于林隙、林下．④林隙和林下光补偿点（LCP）降低适应低光环境，光饱和点（LSP）在各环境中差异不大．喜树幼苗能通过不同的形态和生理特性的变化适应各光环境．     

Structural and biochemical mechanism responsible for the stay-green phenotype in common wheat

In order to increase the supply of assimilated carbon to grain, a new stay-green wheat cultivar, Chuannong17 (CN17), with delayed leaf senescence, carrying wheat-rye 1RS.1BL translo- cated chromosome was developed. CN17 exhibited distinct differences in net photosynthetic rate (Pn), chlorophyll (Chl) content, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, activity of both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) during the grain filling stage, and flag leaf senescence compared with the control. The new cultivar maintained longer and higher photosyn- thetic competence compared with the control, and this aspect correlated with the difference in chloro-plast development. Moreover, the stay-green pheno-type of CN17 was also observed under natural growth conditions. Consequently, the coordination of the physiological, biochemical, and structural aspects in the stay-green cultivar produced higher seed weights and per-plant yield compared with the control cultivar.