可见光与近红外医学图像融合算法及软件

针对使用2CCD相机AD—080CL作为图像获取设备的荧光成像系统,设计了可见光与近红外图像的融合算法;并利用MFC程序架构在VS2010环境下搭建配套的软件系统。系统由同一光学路径获取可见光与近红外图像,确保了图像位置信息的完全匹配。通过比较伪彩色增强、彩色图像处理和图像分割等方法,得出改进的最大类间方差分割法和小波融合结合的处理算法,较好地在可见光图像上显示出荧光标记区域,具有简洁快速、适用于工程开发的优点。软件实现了多通道实时显示、保存图像视频、数据库病例管理等功能。     

镧系金属螯合物作为CEST磁共振造影剂的研究进展

化学交换饱和转移（CEST）成像是一种基于化学位移现象的新型磁共振成像（MRI）,通过检测水质子信号变化来间接测定可交换质子的信息,而镧系金属螯合物的顺磁化学位移大,质子共振位移更远离水的信号,可实现更多的选择性饱和,提高MRI的对比性,因此非常适合用作CEST造影剂.镧系金属螯合物CEST造影剂具有进一步扩展磁共振功能和分子成像的巨大潜力,文章主要介绍了此类物质的类型及应用.     

An efficient non-iterative algorithm to estimate the apparent diffusion coefficient of water molecules in the magnetic resonance diffusion imaging experiments

Many studies have shown that the magnetic resonance signal decay with an extend range of diffusion weighting(b-factor)is a bi-exponential attenuation in the diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging experiments in vivo.Based on this feature and the two-compartmental model,we propose a twice-linear-fitting(TLF)algorithm to estimate the apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC)of the water molecules instead of the commonly used iterative Levenberg–Marquardt(LM)method.The TLF algorithm consists of two liner fitting steps to estimate the fast and the slow apparent diffusion coefficients and their sizes,respectively.It is unnecessary to guess the initial values in the whole fitting process.The time consumption of the TLF algorithm is much less than that of the iterative LM method.Moreover,the TLF algorithm may avoid the extraneous solutions,which often deteriorates the results of the LM method.Compared with the iterative fitting method,the TLF algorithm is a reliable and timeefficient approach to estimate the ADC of water molecules in vivo in magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging experiments.     

CCD成像模型及仿真系统研究

针对光学遥感CCD(Charge-Coupled Device)的成像过程,研究CCD成像的数学建模及仿真问题.基于CCD成像原理,探讨了模型建立中的一些关键问题,并按照CCD信号处理流程设计了一套完整的CCD成像模型,采用Matlab/Simulink平台设计实现了该仿真系统.仿真验证试验表明,该系统较好的仿真了CCD成像过程,仿真结果准确度、可信度较高.     

3D virtual reconstruction of the Pleistocene cheetah skull from the Tangshan, Nanjing, China

The development of computer tomography and image processing has made it possible to establish virtual 3D reconstruction and non-invasive dissection of fossil specimens. We used these methods to reconstruct a virtual 3D skull of a Pleistocene cheetah skull from the Tuozi cave, Tangshan, Nanjing, and virtually dissected it for anatomic studies, and measured the volumes of different parts of the endocranium. The endocranium of the cheetah skull has showed that its frontal sinus is beehive-like, the frontal lobe of cerebra is relatively large but the temporal lobe is relatively small, its cerebral sulcus and gyrus are more complicated than those of the domestic cat, similar to those of the domestic dog, but simpler than those of giant panda, pig, cattle and horse. The technology of virtual 3D reconstruction and non-invasive dissection of fossil specimens can extend the morphological study from the exterior to the interior, and it can also help to study fragile specimens and virtually backup rare and precious specimens.     

二维目标的微波成像新方法

首先从体等效原理出发，得到一个积分方程组，该方程组将目标的介电常数与目标内总场及接收点上的散射场联系起来。随后，对该方程组求变分，寻求散射场对目标介电参数的梯度方向，得到反演方程。文中列举了几个典型反演实例，考察了方法的收敛速度、运行时间及对复杂目标的适应能力等因素，所得结果相当令人满意，为了尽量与实际探测接近，文中还讨论了方法抗随机噪声的能力，模拟表明，该方法具有相当强的抗噪声性能。     

Functional magnetic resonance imaging of amphetamine craving

The aim of this study is to identify the brain activity associated with amphetamine craving for understanding the neurobiology of addiction by watching pictures of happy, sad or amphetamine. Brain activity was measured in 12 amphetamine addicts and 12 healthy subjects by fMRI while the subjects watched pictures designed to elicit happy feelings, sad feelings, or the desire to use amphetamine. The result demonstrated that amphetamine cues led to abnormally high cingulate and low frontal lobe activation in amphetamine addicts, who showed abnormalities in affect-related brain activation.     

基于图论的分裂型人格障碍多加权脑结构网络研究

基于图论方法分析分裂型人格障碍(SPD)患者与健康对照在脑结构网络局部和全局参数上的差异.根据Brainnetome脑图谱将大脑皮层划分为246个脑区,利用扩散加权图像重建脑白质神经纤维束,构建以神经纤维束条数、密度、长度和优化的密度为加权方式的脑结构网络.计算网络节点参数和全局参数,通过假设检验找出具有显著性差异的脑区.结果发现,SPD患者与健康人的脑结构网络在全局参数上无显著性差异;在节点参数上,6个脑区存在显著性差异;差异脑区在位置上显示出左右脑不对称性,在功能上与认知、情感和感知高度相关.研究结果可为疾病诊断治疗提供重要参考.     

超构表面设计及其应用

超构表面作为二维形式的超构材料,在分界面处可以对透射、反射电磁波产生特定的相位分布,因此能够灵活调控电磁波前。超构表面的低剖面二维平面结构,在电磁调控领域具有广泛的应用前景,一系列的超构表面应用应运而生。主要介绍了超构表面的设计发展以及其应用,主要包括天线应用、RCS减缩、特殊波束、有源超构表面等4个方面。首先,在天线应用方面,超构表面可用于实现高增益透镜和极化转换功能;其次,从吸波型和散射调控型2种不同工作机理的角度介绍了应用于RCS减缩的超构表面;然后,针对特殊波束,主要介绍了超构表面在涡旋波束和全息成像中的应用;最后,从加载不同有源原件的角度分析有源超构表面的发展,并未来超构表面发展值得深入研究的方向。     

复合材料层合板损伤的椭圆环定位损伤概率成像

因复合材料结构的各向异性特性导致导波沿各个方向的传播群波速并不相同,因此传统的采用单一波速的椭圆定位成像算法,对复合材料结构损伤的定位监测具有一定的监测误差。为了提高损伤的定位精度,提出了一种改进的椭圆环定位损伤概率成像算法。该方法首先获得导波在复合材料结构中的传播波速带宽,进一步得到各监测通道的损伤散射峰值时刻,最终基于椭圆环定位损伤概率成像算法,进行损伤的定位监测。通过对复合材料层合板的冲击损伤进行定位监测,将所提成像算法的监测结果与采用不同方向群波速的椭圆定位算法的监测结果进行了对比,对所提方法的有效性进行了验证。实验结果表明：相比于采用单一波速的椭圆定位成像算法,所提成像算法的损伤定位误差小于6.5%。