可见光光催化氧化有机污染物的研究进展

介绍了可见光光催化氧化有机污染物的研究现状和前景.综述了近年来可见光光催化氧化有机污染物的研究进展,从染料光敏化、金属离子掺杂、非金属元素掺杂及共掺杂光催化剂等方面,讨论了可见光光催化剂的制备方法和降解效果.     

复杂载荷下的疲劳寿命估算

从疲劳过程本质上是材料静强度不断退化过程的观点出发，建立了一个强度退化模型．将模型应用于两级、多级和随机载荷下疲劳寿命估算，经试验和算例验证，表明该方法是合理可行的     

湖南山丘区景观生态系统退化特征初探

湖南山地丘陵面积约占全省土地总面积的２／３，是省域最重要的景观生态系统类型。自然状态下，湖南山丘区景观生态系统中景观组分性质优良，景观要素组合协调，景观生态过程稳定，景观功能较强。然而，在长期的人类活动影响之下，湖南山丘区景观生态系统显现出明显的退化特征，具有表现为景观要素组合关系改变、景观组分性质劣化、景观生态过程逆转、景观生态系统抗性降低。     

氯乙烯—丙烯酸丁酯共聚物热降解动力学的研究

用TG－DSC法研究氯乙烯（VC）－丙烯酸西酯（BA）共聚物的热降解动力学。考察了升温速率（β）、气氛对热降解的影响,在氮气气氛中,共聚物（VC－BA）的热降解反应是吸热反应,降解反应分两步进行。第一步是脱除支基,反应级数（n）为1.2级,活化能（E）为113KJ／mol;第二步是主链断裂,反应级数（n）随升温速率（β）的增大而减小,在空气气氛中,共聚物（VC－BA）的热降解反应是放热反应,降解分三步进行（第三步未完成）。第一步也是脱除支基,反应级数（n)为１.0级,活化能（Ｅ）为１１１.2KJ/mol;第二步亦是主链断裂,反应级数也随β增大而减小。     

氧化还原介体催化强化污染物厌氧降解研究进展

 由于厌氧生物处理技术具有产生剩余污泥少、可回收能源等优点而被广泛用于处理各种有机污染物，尤其在有毒、有害、难降解污染物的去除方面取得了良好的效果。然而，厌氧生物法的处理速率通常比较低，而氧化还原介体可通过自身不断的氧化和还原来传递电子，提高电子在氧化还原反应过程中的传递速率，从而促进污染物高效厌氧降解。醌类物质和腐殖酸是应用较多的氧化还原介体，在催化难降解污染物降解方面取得了一定效果。讨论了氧化还原介体的特点、作用机制，并总结了其对偶氮染料厌氧脱色、反硝化和多氯联苯厌氧降解的强化作用，提出了氧化还原介体未来的研究方向。     

Starch-binding domains in the post-genome era

Starch belongs to the most abundant biopolymers on Earth. As a source of energy, starch is degraded by a large number of various amylolytic enzymes. However, only about 10% of them are capable of binding and degrading raw starch. These enzymes usually possess a distinct sequence-structural module, the so-called starchbinding domain (SBD). In general, all carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs) have been classified into the CBM families. In this sequence-based classification the individual types of SBDs have been placed into seven CBM families: CBM20, CBM21, CBM25, CBM26, CBM34, CBM41 and CBM45. The family CBM20, known also as a classical C-terminal SBD of microbial amylases, is the most thoroughly studied. The three-dimensional structures have already been determined by X-ray crystallography or nuclear magnetic resonance for SBDs from five CBM families (20, 25, 26, 34 and 41), and the structure of the CBM21 has been modelled. Despite differences among the amino acid sequences, the fold of a distorted β-barrel seems to be conserved together with a similar way of substrate binding (mainly stacking interactions between aromatic residues and glucose rings). SBDs have recently been discovered in many non-amylolytic proteins. These may, for example, have regulatory functions in starch metabolism in plants or glycogen metabolism in mammals. SBDs have also found practical uses. Received 25 May 2006; received after revision 26 June 2006; accepted 3 August 2006     

聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮对质粒DNA降解效应的研究

为评估聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮（Polyvinylpyrrolidone,PVP）的生物可利用性,研究了不同相对分子质量PVP对闭合环状双链质粒DNA pBR322的降解效应.实验结果表明：在常温、非光催化条件下,相对分子质量小的PVP（PVP8000）可引起质粒DNA构象的改变,并且这种效应与反应温度、反应时间及PVP的相对...     

CTS及M-CTS与Men+的配位

进行了ＣＴＳ的降解,研究了ＣＴＳ及Ｍ－ＣＴＳ与Ｍｅｎ＋的配位．用光谱分析ＣＴＳ及Ｍ－ＣＴＳ与Ｍｅｎ＋的配位结果,提出ＣＴＳ及Ｍ—ＣＴＳ的配位规律．即不同分子量ＣＴＳ的配位能力,低分子量大于高分子量;不同基团的配位能力：－ＮＨ２＞＞—ＯＨ＞—Ｃ＝Ｏ不同金属离子与相同分子量的ＣＴＳ配位,基本遵循与游离氨配位规律．     

4-Hydroxynonenal-modified amyloid-beta peptide inhibits the proteasome: possible importance in Alzheimer's disease

The amyloid β-peptide (Aβ) is a 4-kDa species derived from the amyloid precursor protein, which accumulates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Although we lack full understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of selective neuron death, considerable data do imply roles for both the toxic Aβ and increased oxidative stress. Another significant observation is the accumulation of abnormal, ubiquitin-conjugated proteins in affected neurons, suggesting dysfunction of the proteasome proteolytic system in these cells. Recent reports have indicated that Aβ can bind and inhibit the proteasome, the major cytoslic protease for degrading damaged and ubiquitin-conjugated proteins. Earlier results from our laboratory showed that moderately oxidized proteins are preferentially recognized and degraded by the proteasome; however, severely oxidized proteins cannot be easily degraded and, instead, inhibit the proteasome. We hypothesized that oxidatively modified Aβ might have a stronger (or weaker) inhibitory effect on the proteasome than does native Aβ. We therefore also investigated the proteasome inhibitory action of Aβ _1–40 (a peptide comprising the first 40 residues of Aβ) modified by the intracellular oxidant hydrogen peroxide, and by the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). H₂O₂ modification of Aβ _1–40 generates a progressively poorer inhibitor of the purified human 20S proteasome. In contrast, HNE modification of Aβ _1–40 generates a progressively more selective and efficient inhibitor of the degradation of fluorogenic peptides and oxidized protein substrates by human 20S proteasome. This interaction may contribute to certain pathological manifestations of Alzheimer’s disease Received 26 September 2000; accepted 26 September 2000     

纳米ZnO固载辣根过氧化物酶及其降解酚类化合物研究

目的 利用纳米材料固载辣根过氧化物酶并对固载酶性质及应用进行研究.方法 运用电镜,红外光谱法表征材料,用紫外光谱法检测固载化HRP活性.结果 固载酶在碱性环境中活性比游离酶平均高40%,60℃反应体系里仍然能维持45.3%活性,保存50 d后活性为35.8%,用于降解苯酚与氯酚时去除效率分别为87.3%和65.4%.结论 实验证明了纳米ZnO能够固载辣根过氧化物酶,所得固载酶应用于降解苯酚、氯酚水溶液时催化效率比游离酶分别提高39.68%和21.56%.但是,固载化HRP的重复利用性较差,4次循环使用后基本失活.有必要进一步探索优化固载与催化条件,提高固载酶重复利用性.