两级SBR无外加碳源除磷脱氮的运行模式

在已有的两级SBR除磷脱氮工艺研究成果的基础上,分析了该工艺除磷与脱氮的优势和原运行模式存在的不足,提出了采用两级SBR工艺优化除磷与脱氮的改进运行模式,讨论了采用改进后的运行模式,在无需外加碳源条件下,实现对城市污水同步高效除磷与脱氮的可行性,分析了对该两级工艺实行实时过程控制的可行性。     

热处理条件对IrO2-pH电极性能的影响

在700℃炉冷、870℃空冷和炉冷三种热处理条件下,制备了氧化铱pH微电极,并对比了微电极的线性范围及响应时间.结果表明:热处理条件对Ir氧化物膜的均匀性有很大影响,进而影响其开路电位的稳定性及响应速度.700℃炉冷和870℃空冷制得的电极氧化膜表面粗糙,孔隙率不均匀并伴随有裂纹;而870℃炉冷条件下制得的电极具有表面氧化膜均匀、响应时间短以及线性好等优点.铱氧化物的形成机理是Ir丝被空气中的O2氧化,而高温Li2CO3起到一种溶剂的作用.铱氧化物电极的H+响应是由于电极表面水合氧化铱与溶液中H+发生化学反应,反应为Ir4+与Ir3+之间的转变.     

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds in the general population in Shenzhen, China

Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) have been detected in many environmental matrices, biota, and nonoccupationally exposed populations in China recently. However, little is known about the distribution and levels of various PFCs in the general population living in areas where there is PFC exposure. In the present study, the levels and prevalence of ten target PFCs were determined in 227 serum samples from a population of nonoccupationally exposed individuals in Shenzhen, China. Results indicated that human exposure to PFCs was prevalent in Shenzhen. Perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) was the dominant PFC contaminant in the serum samples, with a median concentration of 6.72 ng/mL, followed by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) with a median concentration of 2.07 ng/mL. Other PFCs were detected at much lower concentrations, with median concentrations ranging from 0.02 to 0.87 ng/mL. Statistically, no significant (P>0.05) gender differences were observed for any of the PFCs. Significant (P<0.01) positive correlations were found between age and serum concentrations of the target PFCs, except for perfluorobutane sulfonate (R = 0.16, P = 0.01), perfluorohexanoic acid (R = 0.08, P = 0.22), and perfluoroheptanoic acid (R = 0.11, P = 0.10). Based on the one-compartment pharmacokinetic model, the total daily intakes of PFOA and PFOS for the general population in Shenzhen were calculated as 0.63 and 0.20 ng/kg body weight/day, respectively.     

A gas chromatography/mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenols in wastewater using deconvolution technology

Phenolic compounds exist widely in the influents and effluents of sewage treatment plants (STPs) and most are un-regulated. In this study, a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method for the simultaneous analysis of 50 phenolic compounds in wastewater was developed. Deconvolution technology was used to identify contaminants that are covered by co-extracted materials. A mass spectral library containing all 50 silylated phenolic compounds was first established and used for deconvolution. Twelve typical phenolic compounds were selected to optimize the sample preparation procedures. Solid-phase extraction using a C18 cartridge coupled with an HLB cartridge was used for pre-concentration and dichloromethane was used for elution. The solutes were derivatized and analyzed by GC-MS. The blank and matrix spike recoveries ranged from 57.46% to 136.4% and 47.87% to 114.8%, respectively. Method detection limits ranged from 3.64 to 97.64 ng L⁻¹. The relative standard deviations of all the recovery experiments were lower than 13.6%. The instrument limits of quantification ranged from 0.7 to 87.7 pg. The method has been applied to analyze the influents and effluents of 5 Chinese STPs. Except for regulated phenolic compounds (phenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol), three un-regulated phenolic compounds, including 2-chlorophenol, 2,5-dichlorophenol and 2,4-dichloro-3-ethyl-6-nitrophenol were identified in the effluent wastewater. The detected concentrations of un-regulated phenolic compounds could possibly cause environmental effects, indicating that immediate attention is required to prevent complications.     

贮藏温度对蓝莓活性成分及抗氧化活性的影响

研究不同贮藏温度下,蓝莓果实的活性成分及抗氧化活性的变化,确定蓝莓鲜果适宜的贮藏温度,并为研究蓝莓果实中主要的抗氧化成分提供参考.在贮藏温度为20~25,10~15,0~5℃下,于不同贮藏期取样测定蓝莓果实中花青素、总酚和总黄酮的质量分数;测定蓝莓对DPPH自由基（DPPH.）和羟自由基（OH.）的清除率,并分析3种活性成分与蓝莓抗氧化活性的相关性.结果表明,在不同的贮藏温度下,蓝莓果实中花青素、总酚和总黄酮的质量分数及抗氧化活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在贮藏初期,较高的贮藏温度能明显促进蓝莓果实活性成分含量和抗氧化活性的增加,但在贮藏后期,较高的温度加速了蓝莓果实活性成分含量和抗氧化活性的下降速度,并缩短了蓝莓贮藏期;低温（0~5℃）能使蓝莓果实的活性成分含量和抗氧化活性始终维持在一个相对较高的水平,且能显著增加果实的贮藏期,是蓝莓较适宜的贮藏温度;蓝莓果实中花青素、总酚和总黄酮质量分数与其清除自由基的能力之间均呈显著正相关（P〈0.05）.     

含磷化合物生物矿化铀的形态转化与机理

磷元素作为微生物生存生长的必要元素,能有效与铀结合矿化成稳定的U-P沉淀或相应矿物。采用混合细菌介导法,添加含磷化合物处理铀污染地下水-沉积物,探究磷和土著菌相互作用下铀的形态变化及产物稳定性。结果表明：含磷化合物的添加使得溶液中铀去除率高达99.84%;改进连续提取实验得知,沉积物中磷作用后的铀稳定态比例约75%。根据X射线光电子能谱分析和改进连续提取实验结果,细菌可以有效地介导U-P沉淀,含磷化合物可以与六价铀络合形成稳定的沉淀物,结合X射线衍射表明在细菌作用下,磷与铀发生生物矿化可生成Ca-U-P沉淀,实现铀从可转移相到稳定相的转化与固定。     

植物组织结构与抗虫性的关系(综述)

植物对植食性昆虫的防御体系包括组成防御体系和诱导防御体系两个方面,笔者从叶片、树皮、树干等不同部分论述了植物组织结构与抗虫性的关系,说明植物的物理、化学防御体系在植物的抗虫机制中起着重要的作用.     

过渡金属敏化稀土化合物近红外发光性能研究进展

稀土元素由于具有特殊的电子构型而使得稀土原子或离子的化合物(配合物)有很多独特的物理和化学性质,尤其是稀土化合物的发光性能,但由于跃迁选择定则,稀土化合物的发光性能比较弱,需要用过渡金属离子对稀土化合物进行敏化,以增强其发光性能。在这个过程中,过渡金属离子的最低激发态不直接参与发光的辐射跃迁,却可以改善稀土化合物的发光性能。围绕过渡金属敏化稀土化合物发光的研究方法、研究成果以及其发展前景进行了综述。     

桉树叶中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺研究

讨论了影响黄酮类化合物提取率的主要因素,并确定了较好的提取工艺,结果表明:以φ=65%的乙醇、粒度为30目的桉树叶粉按m料∶V乙醇=1∶12的比例,浸泡24 h,然后在70℃下提取2 h,可得到质量含量为3.41%的总黄酮.     

新型偶氮香豆素化合物的合成及光谱特性

为对比6-偶氮香豆素和7-偶氮香豆素的光物理特性,设计、合成并测定了一系列偶氮香豆素化合物的最大紫外吸收波长和最大荧光发射波长的数据,并求得了S tock位移值。