高校安全文化建设的哲学思考

安全文化是人类生存和社会生产过程中的主观与客观存在,高校安全文化建设是全社会安全文化重要的组成部分之一.高校作为国家培养高素质人才的重要基地,构建"以人为本"理念为核心的安全文化,为广大师生创造良好的教学、科研和生活环境,不仅有利于培养新型人才,而且对于建设先进文化和构建和谐社会有重要意义.     

大学教师角色扮演的哲学与社会学分析

要想获得一幅大学教师在现代社会中全景式、最真实的角色扮演图景,必须采取不同于以往的理论视域,这就是兼合社会学"拟剧论"与"批判理论",兼合哲学认识论与生存论,以及使群体类生存的实践与个体的生存实践互释,通过理论的这种综合创新就可以获得一种完整、真切、清晰的看问题的境界与高度.     

翻译过程中词语弹性的语义阐释

根据语义学理论的基本原理,探讨了英汉词语的核心、外延和认知意义,提出在翻译过程中必须正确把握词语的弹性,才能达到原文和译文之间的“动态对等”。     

Ordinary language philosophy,explanation, and the historical turn in philosophy of science

Taking a cue from remarks Thomas Kuhn makes in 1990 about the historical turn in philosophy of science, I examine the history of history and philosophy of science within parts of the British philosophical context in the 1950s and early 1960s. During this time, ordinary language philosophy's influence was at its peak. I argue that the ordinary language philosophers' methodological recommendation to analyze actual linguistic practice influences several prominent criticisms of the deductive-nomological model of scientific explanation and that these criticisms relate to the historical turn in philosophy of science. To show these connections, I primarily examine the work of Stephen Toulmin, who taught at Oxford from 1949 to 1954, and Michael Scriven, who completed a dissertation on explanation under Gilbert Ryle and R.B. Braithwaite in 1956. I also consider Mary Hesse's appeal to an ordinary language-influenced account of meaning in her account of the role of models and analogies in scientific reasoning, and W.H. Watson's Wittgensteinian philosophy of science, an early influence on Toulmin. I think there are two upshots to my historical sketch. First, it fills out details of the move away from logical positivism to more historical- and practice-focused philosophies of science. Second, questions about linguistic meaning and the proper targets and aims of philosophical analysis are part and parcel of the historical turn, as well as its reception. Looking at the philosophical background during which so-called linguistic philosophers also had a hand in bringing these questions to prominence helps us understand why.     

评蒯因的本体论承诺理论

蒯因用现代逻辑工具构造了一个比较完善的本体论承诺学说,把本体论重拾回哲学的殿堂,此理论有相当的贡献,但其局限性使其应用起来极为困难。     

17世纪英国自然哲学研究方法的近代转型:兼论伦敦皇家学会的诞生

对"自然哲学"事业的共同认知,构成了19世纪之前西方学术群体从事与自然有关的研究和讨论的基础。在英国从中世纪向现代过渡的进程中,自然哲学的研究方法同样经历了一场近代转型。17世纪英国学术共同体在对以亚里士多德为代表的古代权威的质疑中,逐步确立新的实验哲学的坚实基础,自然哲学家不再局限于不考虑现实状况的纯粹思辨,开始通过实验方法对现实世界中真实存在的现象及背后的规律展开观察和解释。伦敦皇家学会的诞生,正是这种转型过程影响力的有力证明,也是其在数十年发展之后水到渠成的成果。     

话“术语哲学”

2003 年,国际术语学研究所举办了东西欧术语学基础理论比较研讨会,在此会议上,来自东、西欧的术语学研究者畅所欲言,对自20世纪30年代以来,在奥地利(代表欧洲中西部地区)和苏联等东欧国家逐渐发展起来的术语学理论进行了深入研讨。俄罗斯女学者阿莱克谢耶娃做了“术语学和哲学之间的相互影响”的主题发言,国际术语学研究所副所长布丁教授也以“对术语哲学的展望”为题做了演讲,它探究了术语学的哲学源头,分析了术语学理论与“知识工程”和“知识本体”的内在联系,以此作为对东欧学者的呼应。文章旨在介绍布丁教授这篇演讲里的重要观点,以期为广大读者充分了解术语学的理论基石提供途径。     

The silence of the norms: The missing historiography of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

History has been disparaged since the late 19th century for not conforming to norms of scientific explanation. Nonetheless, as a matter of fact a work of history upends the regnant philosophical conception of science in the second part of the 20th century. Yet despite its impact, Kuhn’s Structure has failed to motivate philosophers to ponder why works of history should be capable of exerting rational influence on an understanding of philosophy of science. But all this constitutes a great irony and a mystery. The mystery consists of the persistence of a complete lack of interest in efforts to theorize historical explanation. Fundamental questions regarding why an historical account could have any rational influence remain not merely unanswered, but unasked. The irony arises from the fact that analytic philosophy of history went into an eclipse where it remains until this day just around the time that the influence of Kuhn’s great work began to make itself felt. This paper highlights puzzles long ignored regarding the challenges a work of history managed to pose to the epistemic authority of science, and what this might imply generally for the place of philosophy of history vis-à-vis the problems of philosophy.     

英汉动物习语的文化内涵对比

动物词汇作为构成习语的一个重要成分,具有独特的作用和丰富的表现力,是语言词汇不可分割的一个重要组成部分。然而,由于各民族不同的地理环境、文化传统、社会习俗和思维方式,动物被赋予了或同或异的联想意义,因而其动物习语具有独特的民族文化色彩。现运用对比研究法,从动物的联想意义、英汉习语中动物形象的相似和差异,英汉含动物词汇的习语所用设喻形象与喻意对比以及习语的来源,用以研究习语的文化内涵。这将对到位的理解、恰当的运用动物词汇并真正领悟习语中的动物文化大有助益。     

Fuzzy上下文无关语言的几个辅助定理

Ｆｕｚｚｙ上下文无关语言是一种常见而有用的语言,对它的研究目前尚是一薄弱环节．本文研究了Ｆｕｚｚｙ上下文无关语言的几个辅助定理及语言的歧义性等,这为进一步研究Ｆｕｚｙ上下文无关语言及与Ｆｕｚｚｙ自动机的关系奠定了基础．