Population genetics of a colonizing lizard: Loss of variability in introduced populations ofPodarcis sicula

Allozyme electrophoresis was used to study the genetic variability (proportion of polymorphic loci and heterozygosity) in insular populations (Corsica, Elba, Montecristo, Marettimo, Pantelleria) of the lacertid lizardPodarcis sicula. These populations were presumed to have originated from episodes of accidental anthropogenic introduction. In order to test the hypothesis of a man-aided colonization and to provide comparative data, heterozygosity and polymorphism were also estimated in autochthonous populations ofP. sicula from the Italian peninsula and Sicily. In each case, the presumed introduced population showed levels of genetic variability significantly lower than those detected in the autochthonous ones. Very little genetic differentiation was found among native and presumed colonist populations, Nei's standard genetic distances ranging from 0.001 to 0.009. These results strongly support the hypothesis thatP. sicula was only recently introduced to the studied islands, and provide additional evidence of reduced genetic variability due to founder effect in insular populations originating from episodes of human transportation.     

高寒草甸植物群落中物种多样性与种群变异性关系及其机制初探

对高寒草甸植物群落中36个物种的物种多样性与种群变异性的关系的研究结果表明:随着物种多样性的增加,种群变异性显著降低的有4个,显著增加的有1个,其余30个物种则表现出不显著的物种多样性-种群变异性的关系;1/4的物种随着多样性的增加平均种群生物量都有下降的趋势,这提供了自然群落中密度补偿存在的实验证据,而且几乎所有物种的均值-方差尺度系数Z值为1～2.这两方面的证据都与理论预期的种群变异性随多样性增加而增加的趋势不完全一致.这可能表明:多样性与种群变异性的关系随物种而异,或者说对群落中多样性与种群变异性关系的规律性认识目前的理论还无法做到,需要寻求新的模型来解释.     

中华鳖种群RAPD分析

选用14个随机引物对中华鳖基因组DNA进行了随机扩增DNA片段多态性（RAPD）分析，14个引物，在8个待检样品中共扩增出714条清晰的DNA片段，片段大小在200～3000bp之间，平均每一引物在每个样品中扩增了6．0条带，统计结果表明，中华鳖群体内平均相似率0．857，总平均带纹频率0．773，遗传变异率为0．227．研究表明，中华鳖为遗传共享度较高的群体。     

新疆阜康土壤微量元素的空间变异分析

运用地统计方法,研究了新疆阜康地区土壤表层微量元素的空间异质性特征.结果表明:4种微量元素的空间异质性主要是结构性因子和随机因子共同作用的结果.土壤微量元素的变异函数均可很好地拟合成高斯模型,块金值和基台值之比均为25%～75%,为中等强度的空间相关性.研究区土壤微量元素质量分数空间变异具有各向异性特征,表现为二阶趋势效应.Moran's I系数分析表明4种微量元素均呈现一定强度的空间自相关关系.土壤微量元素质量分数的等值线图分析表明,不论在什么方向上,土壤微量元素质量分数呈现一定规律分布.     

Phylogenetic relationship and phenotypic comparison of Psychrobacter species isolated from polar oceans

To investigate the phylogenetic relationship and biogeography of bacterioplankton in polar oceans, four Psychrobacter strains, BSw10170, BSw20352, BSw20370, and BSw20461, isolated from seawater of the Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea, and the Prydz Bay, were characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and physiological and biochemical testing. Results demonstrated that close relationships existed between the Arctic and Antarctic strains with sequence similarities higher than 97%. These four Psychrobacter strains not only showed almost identical phenotypic characteristics among them, but also shared a lot of similarities with those related Psychrobacter species, indicating that psychrotolerance and halotolerance of Psychrobacter strains may be among the reasons for their bipolar, even global distribution in marine environments at the genus level.     

Identifying the northernmost summer monsoon location in East Asia

An integrated index which can be used to indicate the advance of subtropical summer monsoon in East Asia has been proposed in this paper.The index was comhined by three variables including precipitation,wind and pseudo-equivalent potential tempera- ture.The northernmost summer monsoon location(NSML)was identified by using this index annually.It was found that the NSML ex- perienced an interdecadal shift in the period 1977—1979 based on the annual index analysis from 1961 to 2001.A comparison of the NSML with other four summer monsoon indices has also been made.The result showed that the NSML could well represent the interan- nual and interdecadal variability of summer monsoon precipitation in North China(beyond 35°N),while other four indices could well indi- cate the precipitation anomalies of East Asian summer monsoon along the Yangtze River valley(around 30°N).     

Reconstruction and analysis of time series of ENSO for the last 500 years

This paper reports the classification of ENSO into seven categories according to annual (March to February of next year) mean SST of Ni(n)o 3.4 and composite index (ΔI) for the period of 1861～2000. Categories +3, +2, and +1 denote very strong, strong and weak warm episodes (E), -3, -2, and -1 mean very strong, strong and weak cold episodes (A). Absolute SST anomalies are about 1.5 ℃, 1.0 ℃ and 0.5 ℃ respectively for the categories 3, 2, and 1 (or -3, -2, and -1). The normal years are expressed as category 0. Annual categories of ENSO are estimated on the basis of proxy data from AD 1501 to 1860. And a series of ENSO category is established for the period of 1501～2000 in conjunction with the observational data. Comparison of proxy data with observations for 1874～1973 indicates that about 80% of the El Ni(n)o years and La Ni(n)a years can be reconstructed from proxy data, and the reliability of the reconstruction is verified. Analysis of the power spectrum of the reconstructed ENSO series shows significant peaks at QBO, 3～4a (year), 5～6a, and 10a period, the former three are in accordance with the observations for the last 100 years or more. Studies on long term variability of ENSO indicates that ENSO frequency is relatively stationary during the last 500 years, including the Little Ice Age (LIA) (1550～1850) and Modern Warming Period (the 20th century). However, the frequency of E is a little higher in the 20th century and that of A is somewhat higher during the LIA.     

Intraseasonal variability of the subsurface temperature observed in the South China Sea (SCS)

Using Morlet wavelet transform we investi- gated the intraseasonal variability of the subsurface tem- perature in the SCS by analyzing ATLAS mooring data ob- tained during the South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX). It is found for the first time that subsurface temperature in the SCS exists intraseasonal variability, par ticularly in winter. The strongest intraseasonal variability ranges from 50 to 100 m with its maximum amplitude about 1.0-2.0℃. The subsurface temperature intraseasonal vari- ability in the SCS is primarily induced by local wind stress curl via adjusting the vertical displacement of thermocline. It reveals the important characteristic of intraseasonal varia- tions in the SCS upper ocean vertically.     

连续梁桥线性随机地震响应的概率统计特性

考虑结构的随机性和地震动的随机性,采用Monte-Carlo数值模拟的方法,对连续梁桥在随机地震作用下的线性变形和内力响应的概率统计特性进行了分析研究,确定了线性响应的概率分布类型,分析了响应变异性的大小及其变化规律。     

土性参数概率特性对地基承载力可靠度的影响

对地基承载力的不确定性进行了分析,提出了针对土性的不确定性的地基承载力的可靠性分析方法,最后结合工程实例作了具体的分析计算,并重点分析了土性参数特性对地基承载力可靠度指标的影响规律。结果表明,用可靠度分析结果和用定值分析结果有其一致性,但用可靠度分析更为科学合理,也是今后岩土工程发展的必然趋势。