三元体系Mg2+//Cl-,borate-H2O在308.15K时稳定相平衡研究

采用等温溶解法研究了三元体系Mg2+//C1-,borate-H20在308.15 K时的稳定相平衡;测定了上述体系液相中各组份的平衡溶解度及物化性质(密度和pH),根据实验数据绘制了相应相图和物化性质组成图.该体系在308.15 K时有1个共饱点(水氯镁石+镁硼酸盐)、2条饱和溶解度曲线和2个结晶相区,无复盐及固溶体...     

Microhabitat selection in the sand recluse spider (Sicarius thomisoides): the effect of rock size and temperature

In spiders, temperature is considered an important environmental variable for microhabitat selection. In this study, we evaluated the effect of temperature and rock size on the presence of the sand recluse spider Sicarius thomisoides and the degree of selectivity in different locations. This species is a large spider that lives under rocks in desert and semi-desert climates and is particularly active during the summer. In Chile, these spiders can be found at both coastal and inland locations under different thermal conditions, where usually the temperatures are lower near the coast. If large-scale climatic conditions are important for this species, they may be expected to select lower rock temperatures on the coast than at inland locations. In addition, we would expect that the spiders would choose larger rocks in inland compared to coast locations, which reduce the effect of high temperatures. We found that the probability of finding individuals of this species increased according to rock temperature and rock size in the field. Our results suggest that S. thomisoides prefers larger and warmer rocks to shelter under during the day, this selectivity being similar at both coastal and inland locations. Thus, this species tends to select rocks with the same thermal and structural conditions, independent of the climatic conditions.     

Mortality effects of temperature changes in the United Kingdom

Temperature changes are known to affect the social and environmental determinants of health in various ways. Consequently, excess deaths as a result of extreme weather conditions may increase over the coming decades because of climate change. In this paper, the relationship between trends in mortality and trends in temperature change (as a proxy) is investigated using annual data and for specified (warm and cold) periods during the year in the UK. A thoughtful statistical analysis is implemented and a new stochastic, central mortality rate model is proposed. The new model encompasses the good features of the Lee and Carter (Journal of the American Statistical Association, 1992, 87: 659–671) model and its recent extensions, and for the very first time includes an exogenous factor which is a temperature‐related factor. The new model is shown to provide a significantly better‐fitting performance and more interpretable forecasts. An illustrative example of pricing a life insurance product is provided and discussed.     

有限元法在电机温度场仿真中的运用

运行的超声电机会产生温升,过高的温升对超声电机的机械特性及使用寿命都有较大影响。本文首先通过实验证明压电陶瓷元件发热和摩擦层摩擦发热是超声电机温升的主要热源;然后,分别以压电陶瓷元件发热和摩擦层摩擦发热为热源,建立其相应的温度场热分布模型。并用有限元软件分别对压电陶瓷元件发热场和接触摩擦发热场进行仿真计算。计算结果表明,压电陶瓷片发热源部分,热量最大处为压电陶瓷片粘贴面的内圈;接触摩擦发热中,摩擦产生的热量集中在接触表面。     

江汉平原主要气候变化特征

根据江汉平原8个气象观测站1961年-2004年的气象资料,对该区气候变化特征进行分析,结果发现,该区年平均气温呈现上升趋势,气温增加倾向率为0．259℃／10a,平均最低气温有明显增加趋势而平均最高气温变化幅度不大;秋、冬两季气温上升明显;1993年是江汉平原气温突变年。该区年降水量呈现上升趋势,降水增加倾向率为42．39mm／10a;降水年际间变化明显,年际问变异系数和极值比分别为0．174和1．97;该区存在明显的3个连丰和2个连枯阶段。该区干燥度指数升高,气候向湿润化发展。该研究结果能够更好的指导该区农业生产和湿地保护,同时为政府部门决策提供气象依据.     

基于系统动力学的企业转型的技术变迁路径分析仿真模型

技术变迁是企业转型的重要途径之一,本文分析了信息化环境下企业转型中技术变迁过程,采用系统动力学方法,构建了技术变迁路径的因果图和系统流图;通过案例仿真实验,获取了影响技术变迁的关键因素,即RD投入和企业信息系统上线率.动态模拟结果表明,这两个因素能够有效提高企业转型的经济转化能力,但其投入量必须控制在合理范围之内.     

稀土Ho3＋/Yb3＋共掺SrBi4Ti4O15高温铁电陶瓷的上转换发光及其温度传感特性

Sr Bi4Ti4O15是一种具有高居里温度（Tc）、高机械品质因数和大电阻率的铋层状结构铁电、压电多功能材料,通过掺入稀土离子的手段,可使其具有上转换发光的特性,并且可以在一定程度上改善其电学性能.在本文中,同时将Ho3＋和Yb3＋对A位的Bi进行取代,其中Ho3＋的取代量为0.06 mol-1,Yb3＋的取代范围为0≤x≤0.3,采用传统的固相烧结法制备了Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷.主要通过控制Ho3＋离子的量不变,调节Yb3＋离子的浓度来研究不同稀土离子掺杂量对Sr Bi4Ti4O15陶瓷的形貌、上转换发光特性、以及介电性能的影响.在使用980 nm的红外激光器对Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷进行激发下,从上转换发光图谱中可以观察到三个峰,分别为峰位在547 nm附近较强的绿色发光、659附近以及759 nm处的较弱的红色发光.同时可以看到,随着Yb3＋浓度的增加,绿色上转换发光的强度表现出先增强,后减弱的规律,且当Yb3＋取代量为x=0.15时,绿色上转换发光强度达到最大值.通过研究上转换发光强度与激发光功率的关系得到,绿色和红色上转换发光均为双光子吸收过程.在研究Sr Bi3.79Ho0.06Yb0.15Ti4O15样品上转换发光与温度的关系时,可以观测到随着温度的增加,547 nm处的绿色上转换发光和659 nm处的红色上转换发光的强度均随之减弱,且I659 nm与I547 nm的荧光强度比与温度存在线性关系,利用这种温度与上转换发光强度的关系,可将Sr Bi3.94-xHo0.06YbxTi4O15陶瓷应用于光学温度传感器.     

快速凝固Al-Fe-Ce合金的相变与性能研究

采用相成分分析(X射线衍射)、组织观察(透射电子显微镜)和力学性能检测(显微硬度)等结合的方法,对单辊旋铸法制备的快速凝固Al-6.87Fe-3.95Ce合金薄带的急冷态和退火态进行相变与热稳定性能的分析.亚稳相Al₁₀Fe₂Ce和平衡相Al₁₃Fe₃Ce的晶格参数以及晶格结构已被确定.棒状的亚稳相Al₂₀Fe₅Ce也在TEM中被观察到.稳定相Al₁₃Fe₃Ce是亚稳相Al₁₀Fe₂Ce和Al₂₀Fe₅Ce经过热处理后不完全转变而形成.结果表明:在退火处理过程中,随着温度的升高,有明显的析出相出现,并且出现了长大趋势;显微硬度也随退火温度变化而变化,在340℃出现最高峰值,说明该合金在340℃能保持较好的热稳定性.     

纯镍金相腐蚀中化学抛光方法的研究

对纯镍化学抛光方法中抛光剂的组成、抛光温度和抛光时间进行了研究.结果表明：用正交试验方法确定金属的抛光配方可行,此方法可以用于其他金属或合金;纯镍抛光的较佳腐蚀液配方的体积分数为正磷酸4.8%、硫酸66.7%和盐酸28.5%,腐蚀时间为15 min;该方法可以一次进行多组试样的化学抛光.     

Wick类型随机广义Kdv-MKdv方程的精确解

通过埃尔米特变换将Wick类型的随机广义Kdv MKdv方程变成广义系数Kdv MKdv方程, 利用截断展开法求出广义系数Kdv MKdv方程的精确解, 并通过埃尔米特逆变换得到了随机广义Kdv MKdv方程的精确解.