Hume-Rothery相形成的金属能带理论分析

本文应用金属能带理论对Hume－Rothery相形成过程进行了分析讨论，结果表明：Hume－Rothery相是不同晶体结构的第I布里渊区在与费米面接触时形成的，此时将发生能量的陡变，导致电子浓度的改变．同时也表明了合金结构的变化是服从费米能最低原理的．     

支持数字签名的TLS改进协议

为弥补TLS (transport layer security)协议在"抗抵赖"安全特性上的缺陷,提出了一种对TLS协议的改进方案.在保持TLS协议原有安全性的前提下对TLS协议中最主要的两个子协议--握手协议和记录协议分别进行了扩展与改进,在其内部引入了数字签名及验证机制,并且支持在握手协议中对数字签名及验证功能进行动态协商,同时与原有的TLS协议兼容.实验表明,改进后的TLS协议性能优良,运算速度有约10%的提升.     

Anion-exchangeable inorganic-organic hybrid materials synthesized without using templates

Inorganic-organic hybrid materials have been obtained at room temperature in aqueous solution without using the templates of surfactants. The materials are carefully characterized by anion-exchange measurement, elements analysis, X-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy. Notably, the anion-exchange capacity of the samples (3.9mmol.g^-1) is even higher than anion-exchangeable resins. Interestingly, both small and large anions could be easily exchanged into the samples due to the plasticity of the samples, along with the phase transition.     

Horizontal gene transfer from Eukarya to Bacteria and domain shuffling: the α-amylase model

-Amylases are present in all kingdoms of the living world. Despite strong conservation of the tertiary structure, only a few amino acids are conserved in interkingdom comparisons. Animal -amylases are characterized by several typical motifs and biochemical properties. A few cases of such -amylases have been previously reported in some eubacterial species. We screened the bacterial genomes available in the sequence databases for new occurrences of animal-like -amylases. Three novel cases were found, which belong to unrelated bacterial phyla: Chloroflexus aurantiacus, Microbulbifer degradans, and Thermobifida fusca. All the animal-like -amylases in Bacteria probably result from repeated horizontal gene transfer from animals. The M. degradans genome also contains bacterial-type and plant-type -amylases in addition to the animal-type one. Thus, this species exhibits -amylases of animal, plant, and bacterial origins. Moreover, the similarities in the extra C-terminal domains (different from both the -amylase domain C and the starch-binding domain), when present, also suggest interkingdom as well as intragenomic shuffling.Received 17 October 2003; accepted 6 November 2003     

经济增长的复杂性与“J”结构

从现代经济增长的事实和复杂性角度讨论了经济增长的原因和机制 .“J”结构是我们提出的一种经济增长复杂性的重要模式 ,这种具有潜在后发性优势但又需要先期投入的经济现象普遍存在于国际贸易、金融、教育、人力资源、生态环境等不同领域 .由于增长的复杂性 ,“J”结构及与之相对应的“J”过程或“J”效应往往被波动所掩盖 .本文进一步从物理、数学的角度指出“J”过程的本质是系统存在多重均衡时的非平衡相变过程 .最后 ,讨论了宏观经济系统中宏观变量之间的相互关系 ,“J”结构体现了这些宏观变量之间非线性相互作用机制.     

Serial nuclear transfer improves the development of interspecies reconstructed giant panda (Aluropoda melanoleuca) embryos

Interspecies somatic nuclear transfer (NT) may provide a new approach for preservation of the endangered rare species. Previous interspecies cloning studies have shown that a nucleus from a quiescent somatic cell supports early development of reconstructed embryos in the ooplasm from another species. In this study, we transferred nonquiescent somatic cells from a giant panda into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. After electrofusion (at the rate of 71.6%) and electrical activation, 4.2% of the panda-rabbit reconstructed embryos developed to blastocyst in vitro. For improving the development rate of reconstructed embryos, we used serial NT in this study, i.e. blastomeres from reconstructed morulae were transferred into the perivitelline space of the enucleated rabbit oocytes. The fusion rates in the groups of serial I, serial II and serial III were 79.5%, 84.1% and 78.0%, respectively, having no difference with that of somatic group. And the blastocyst rates in serial NT groups were 19.4%, 13.5% and 10.3%, respectively, which are significantly higher than that in somatic NT group. These results indicate that the nuclei from nonquiescent somatic cells can support early development of reconstructed embryos and serial NT can improve the development rate of interspecies reconstructed embryos. These authors contributed equally to this work.     

微重力条件下气／液两相流压降实验研究

利用俄罗斯IL-76失重飞机对微重力条件下方形截面管道内的水/气两相流压降进行了实验研究．利用本次微重力气／液两相流压降实验结果对一些目前常用的基于地面常重力实验结果的两相流压降预测模型(均相模型、Lockhart-Martinelli—Chisholm模型和Friedel模型)在微重力条件下的适用性进行了评估．比较发现,均相模型和Lockhart-Martinelli—Chisholm模型预测结果和实验数据差异很大;而Friedel模型的预测结果尽管也与实验数据有着明显的差别,但在这些模型中是误差最小的．因此,可以利用Friedel模型来对微重力气／液两相流压降进行初步预估,而新的、更精确的模型将依赖于更有物理意义的分析方法及不同重力条件下气／液两相流压降实验的结果．     

微尺度条件下气液相变的若干问题浅析

基于气液相变基础理论,以沸腾过程为切入点,试图探讨微尺度条件下气液相变的一些本质性问题。按照相变过程的时间序列,分析活化分子聚集体的性质、微小尺度对活化分子聚集体的影响、槽道尺寸对气泡生长过程的影响等几个方面,在一定程度上揭示了微尺度与常规尺度条件下相变过程的联系与区别。