生物柴油/柴油乙醇水微乳体系相行为分析

采用化学滴定方法研究了生物柴油/柴油乙醇水微乳体系的相行为;分析比较了生物柴油/柴油混合比改变对其相行为的影响。结果表明:在不添加任何乳化剂的条件下,稳态相图中存在一个各向同性的单相区,单相区内混合液为稳定、透明的生物柴油/柴油乙醇水微乳化油,表明生物柴油可作为有效的表面活性剂;单相区的面积大小与体系中各组分的含量有关。当乙醇含量及生物柴油与柴油的混合比增加时,单相区变宽;在乙醇含量一定时,形成稳定单相微乳化油的最大掺水量随体系中生物柴油的含量增加而增加。最后得到了不同乙醇含量及不同生物柴油与柴油混合比条件下形成生物柴油/柴油乙醇水微乳化油的最大掺水量。     

Statistical models for intensity and phase fluctuation of laser light in a turbulent medium

The probability density function of irradiance fluctuations in a turbulent atmosphere remains an open topic of research.It is generally considered that the speckle field has an elliptical-Gaussian speckle distribution,but because of its complexity there is still no exact analytical solution.By introducing the concept of random fluctuation intensity and using an equiprobability density ellipse,exact models of the random fluctuation intensity and its phase are proposed.Through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation,it is concluded that the random fluctuation intensity and its corresponding phase are independent only under the circular-Gaussian approximation.     

Phase field simulation of interatomic potentials for double phase competition during early stage precipitation

Phase field model was employed to study the variations of interatomic potentials of Ni 3 Al (L1 2 phase) and Ni 3 V (DO 22 phase) as a function of temperature and concentration. The long-range order (LRO) parameter related interatomic potentials equations formulated by Khachaturyan were utilized to establish the inversion equations for L1 2 and DO 22 phases, with which interatomic potentials could be calculated. The interatomic potentials of Ni-Al and Ni-V exhibited approximately linear increases and decreases, individually, with enhanced Al concentration. Substituting the inverted interatomic potentials into the microscopic phase field equations led to three cases of precipitation sequence: the DO 22 phase preceded L1 2 phase precipitating at the interatomic potentials of Ni-V > Ni-Al; the vice cases; and two phases precipitated simultaneously at interatomic potentials of Ni-V and Ni-Al were equal.     

Understanding atomic-scale phase separation of liquid Fe-Cu alloy

Using liquid Fe 60 Cu 40 alloy as a model, the structure of liquid Fe-Cu alloy systems is investigated in the temperature range 1200 2200 K, covering a large metastable undercooled regime, to understand the phase separation of liquid Fe-Cu alloys on the atomic scale. The total pair distribution functions (PDFs) indicate that liquid Fe 60 Cu 40 alloy is ordered in the short range and disordered in the long range. If the atom types are ignored, the total atom number densities and PDFs demonstrate that the atoms are distributed homogenously in the liquid alloy. However, the segregation of Fe and Cu atoms is very obvious with decreasing temperature. The partial PDFs and coordination numbers show that the Cu and Fe atoms are not apt to get together on the atomic scale at low temperatures; this will lead to large fluctuations and phase separation in liquid Fe-Cu alloy.     

卸载熔化状态铁/蓝宝石界面温度测量及其相变动力学研究

本文主要是研究金属铁经历冲击-卸载到熔化压力区,其内部发生熔化相变时,铁/蓝宝石界面的辐亮度和温度随时间演化特性,发现辐亮度随时间持续增强而界面却经历了一个慢降温过程,该特征与无相变或瞬时相变的热传导模型结论不一致,即无熔化相变或瞬时相变时,界面温度是一个稳定值.本文结合熔化相变动力学模型与热传导方程对实验现象给出一种理论解释.模型计算所给出的温度历史与观测结果一致,由此可以校对其它测量或者计算熔化温度的方法和模型计算的结果,并能够初步限定出该压力下铁的熔化成核速率和径向长大速率.     

相转移催化合成对苯乙炔聚合物发光材料中间体4-丁氧基苯酚的研究（Ⅰ）

 近几年来二烷氧基取代对苯乙炔聚合物(PPV)发光功能材料广泛应用于液晶彩电、电脑等家电和飞机彩色液晶显示屏中,该文研究了利用相转移催化反应在不同的催化剂反应条件下,合成二烷氧基取代对苯乙炔聚合物(PPV)发光功能材料的中间体4-丁氧基苯酚,在氢氧化钠存在下对苯二酚与溴代正丁烷60~65 ℃反应3 h条件下合成4-丁氧基苯酚,产品收率达90%以上。对不同的催化剂的使用和反应时间进行了条件优化,对产品4 丁氧基苯酚的IR谱图、NMR谱图进行了确认和详细的分析。     

含非线性色散项的Kadomtsev Petrishvili方程的破缺行波解

 应用平面动力系统分支理论的方法,在参数平面上给出了含非线性色散项的Kadomtsev Petrishvili方程的行波解的分支相图,从而揭示了其行波解与参数的依赖关系,并获得了该方程的破缺行波解的参数表示。     

铌铁酸铅-钛酸铅铁电陶瓷的结构相变

 通过钨锰铁矿预合成法制备了铌铁酸铅-钛酸铅(1-x)Pb(Fe_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-xPbTiO₃ (PFN-PT)铁电陶瓷。X-ray衍射（XRD）测量和密度测试表明,1150 ℃烧结2.5 h制备的PFN-PT陶瓷呈现纯钙钛矿结构和较高的致密度。随着PbTiO₃（PT）质量含量的增加,PFN-PT的晶体结构从三方相向四方相转变,伴随着晶胞体积的减小和钙钛矿结构四方性因子（c/a）的增大。PFN-PT陶瓷呈现明显的介电频率色散现象,随着PT含量的增加,介电常数最大值温度T_m/T_C升高,介电响应从弥散、宽化的介电峰变得相对尖锐,介电损耗减小,频率色散现象减弱。MnO₂掺杂有效地改善了PFN-PT陶瓷的介电性能。w=0.25% MnO₂掺杂的0.66PFN-0.34PT陶瓷100 kHz的最大介电常数ε_m为13254,室温介电损耗tanδ为0.003 63,饱和极化强度P_s为6.18μC/cm2,矫顽场E_c为1.1 kV/mm,压电应变常量d₃₃为98pC/N。     

虚拟线性倒立摆模型在行走机器人双腿支撑相中的应用

为了提高双足机器人步行运动的稳定性,将双腿支撑阶段的机器人简化为一个虚拟的线性倒立摆模型。该模型以机器人运动的ZMP(zero moment point)为虚拟支点,以机器人质心为模型的质点;在运动中保持质点高度不变。通过预先设定ZMP的轨迹,即可获得机器人质心在双腿支撑阶段的运动轨迹。将该模型与机器人单腿支撑阶段的普通线性倒立摆模型综合运用,就能保证步行时机器人质心速度变化的连续性和步行运动的稳定性。该方法在实际机器人上进行了实验验证,结果表明该方法能够很好地适用于实际机器人的步行运动。     

面向重用的三维CAD模型检索算法

针对现有CAD领域的检索算法对模型的局部细节特征描述不足的现状,提出了一种基于最大公共子图的三维CAD模型检索算法,通过提取CAD模型的B-Rep信息,将模型用属性邻接图来表示.根据如果2个CAD模型存在相似的特征或局部结构,CAD模型所对应的属性邻接图应存在公共子图的原理,通过检测属性邻接图中的公共子图,得到了2个与CAD相似的局部细节特征,并利用这2个相似的局部细节特征对CAD模型进行了相似性评价.实验表明,该方法能够实现三维CAD模型检索,且检索的效率能够满足工程检索的要求,因此可以实现CAD模型设计和制造知识的重用.