Petroleum-contaminated soil extent recorded by δ15N and δ13C of plants and soils

Petroleum contamination in terrestrial environments caused by industrial activities is a significant problem that has received considerable attention. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N) effectively describe the behavior of plants and soils under petroleum contamination stress. To better understand plant and soil responses to petroleum-contaminated soil, δ13C and δ15N values of the plants (Trifolium repens, Leguminosae with C₃ photosynthesis pathway, and Agropyron cristatum with C₄ photosynthesis pathway) and the soil samples under one-month exposure to different extents of petroleum contamination were measured. The results showed that petroleum contamination in the soil induced the soil δ15N values to increase and δ13C values to decrease; from 1.9‰ to 3.2‰ and from ?23.6‰ to ?26.8‰, respectively. However, the δ13C values of Agropyron cristatum decreased from ?29.8‰ to ?31.6‰, and the δ13C values of Trifolium repens remained relatively stable from ?12.6‰ to ?13.1‰, indicating that they have different coping strategies under petroleum-contaminated soil conditions. Moreover, the δ15N values of Trifolium repens decreased from 5.6‰ to 0.8‰ near the air δ15N values under petroleum-contaminated soil, which implies that their nitrogen fixation system works to reduce soil petroleum stress. The δ13C and δ15N values of Agropyron cristatum and Trifolium repens reflect changes in the metabolic system when they confront stressful environments. Therefore, stable isotopic compositions are useful proxies for monitoring petroleum-contaminated soil and evaluating the response of plants to petroleum contamination stress.     

对中外石油合作项目中存在的会计问题的思考

针对我国与西方在石油天然气行业的现行会计制度和行业会计准则在会计处理上存在的很大差异，通过笔者在合作项目中工作的切身体会，分析了石油合作项目中存在的会计问题，并提出了建议。     

石油企业建立Intranet的迫切性与可行性分析

首先从国际国内Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ／Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ 的发展、电子商务、ＣＮＰＣｎｅｔ 的要求、Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ 的应用以及当前企业内部Ｉｎｆｒａｎｅｔ 的发展趋势来阐述石油企业建立Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ 的必要性与迫切性；然后又从ＣＮＰＣｎｅｔ 规划、网络通信以及安全保密技术阐述石油企业建立Ｉｎｔｒａｎｅｔ 的可行性。     

丝光沸石应用研究现状与前景

介绍了天然及合成丝光沸石在石油石化、精细化工、水泥建材、农业、功能材料等领域的应用研究现状及前景，指出利用我省丰富的煤矸石、粉煤灰资源制备丝光沸石等高附加值产品是综合利用当地资源变废为宝、治理环境污染的可行办法。     

液化石油气脱硫醇过程中磺化酞菁钴催化剂稳定性研究

利用紫外-可见光谱方法对磺化酞菁钴催化剂在液化石油气脱硫醇工艺中的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明，由于氧与磺化酞菁钴形成活性很低的双核二氧聚合物，催化剂在碱液中不稳定，尤其在氧存在下易失活。通过添加甲醇和N，N-二甲基甲酰胺等极性物质，与催化剂的中心金属钴离子形成轴向配位，可以有效地降低催化剂中二聚体的产生。     

石油市场理性情况下的动态分析

石油价格是当前全球普遍关心的问题,影响到各国的经济发展和世界的政治格局。通过动态分析的方法探讨了政治因素、自然因素、心理因素等对石油市场造成的影响。     

造纸用石油树脂的合成

讨论了以顺丁烯二酸酐和石油裂解副产C9馏分为原料,采用热聚合法合成造纸用含羧基石油树脂过程中原料配比、聚合温度、聚合时间、C9馏分的不同组成对产率及产品性能的影响。提出了最佳合成工艺条件为C9馏分与顺丁烯二酸酐的质量配比为100∶9￣100∶15,聚合温度为230￣260℃,聚合时间为4￣16h。     

黏土矿物在石油初次运移中的作用研究

从黏土矿物的结构、成岩过程中脱水转化条件以及脱水转化阶段等几个方面讨论了不同转化类型的黏土矿物在石油初次运移中的作用.研究结果表明:并不是所有的黏土矿物都对油气的初次运移起作用,不同的黏土矿物对油气初次运移的作用也不同,其中蒙皂石的脱水、转化对油气初次运移的作用最为显著;黏土矿物的脱水转化是在温度、压力、时间等因素的综合作用下发生的,这就决定了黏土矿物脱水转化的不确定性.只有那些与油气的生成阶段相匹配的转化才会对油气的初次运移产生作用,而早于或晚于油气生成阶段的转化对油气初次运移的作用甚微或没有作用.     

Thermal cracking of n-octodecane and its geochemical significance

The mechanism of carbon isotopic fractionation for gaseous hydrocarbons is revealed by investigating the residual liquid hydrocarbons in laboratory pyrolysates of n-octodecane. The results indicate that cracking and polymerization in the relatively low temperatures and dispropor-tionation reactions leading to light hydrocarbons and pol-yaromatic hydrocarbons at high temperatures are probably causes for the carbon isotope reversal of gaseous hydrocarbons that is commonly observed in pyrolysis experiments. This study provides significant insight for quantitative modeling of natural gas δ13C values and aid in the identification and assessment of natural gases derived from oil cracking.     

实现全面小康社会的我国油气资源科技创新系统工程

基于国内全面建设小康社会的目标和国际石油资源的竞争形势，提出了我国油气资源与科技“有限目标、优化配置”的系统发展战略，并构建了油气科技发展战略的系统框架。为了确定油气科技的发展目标，建立了“油气科技的预见发现器”(由筛选器、评估器、预见器和路径器4个功能器组成)，利用专家评价、专家系统以及路径决策影响图等方法，对我国油气科技的创新方向进行了研究，最终确定出未来我国油气科技发展的战略要点和课题库。