石油降解菌株的分离筛选及降解性能研究

从大庆油田石油污染土壤中分离出8株能够以原油为唯一碳源和能源的石油降解菌株,经鉴定分属假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.)、微球菌属(Micrococcus sp.)、产碱菌属(Alcaligenes sp.)、动性球菌属(Planococcus sp.)和纤维单胞菌属(Cellulononas sp.)5个属。同时对其中石油降解能力较好的两株菌进一步研究了其石油降解特性,发现原油浓度、pH值、N∶P等对菌株的降解能力有较强的影响。     

对我国石油经济的思考

分析了我国石油现货市场紧张的原因,论述了国际市场上的石油价格和石油价格连续上涨对我国经济发展产生的影响,就如何缓解我国能源危机提出了若干合理化建议。     

Lipids of sulfate-reducing bacteria and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria found in the Dongsheng uranium deposit

U-bearing sandstones from the Dongsheng deposit in Ordos Basin contain abundant C15-C18 fatty acids. The fatty acids may have been derived from modern and ancient organisms including organisms from the intervals of U mineralization. A certain amount of i15:0, a15:0, a17:0 fatty acids coexist with small amounts of i17:1ω7c and 10me16:0, characteristic biomarkers of Desulfovibrio and Desulfobacter sp., respectively. This indicates the existence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the sandstones. The presence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB), such as Beggiatoa and Thioploca, is indicated by significant amounts of 16:1ω7c and 18:1ω7c fatty acids. The existence of the SRB in the deposit, as inferred from the fatty acids, is consistent with results from fossilized microorganisms and isotopic compositions of ore-stage pyrite. This suggests that the environment may have been favorable for the SRB to grow since ore formation (9.8-22 Ma). The bacteria may have degraded hydrocarbons directly, or indirectly utilized hydrocarbons degraded by oxic microbes in the deposits. This process may have produced 12C-rich calcite and prominent baseline humps of unresolved complex mixtures (UCM), and 25-demethylated hopanes and tricyclic terpanes. The existence of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria in the deposit may have resulted in bacterial sulfate reduction to sulfide, re-oxidization of the sulfide to sulfate and subsequent reduction of the sulfate to sulfide. This assertion is supported by ore-stage pyrite with δ34S values as low as-39.2‰, and the lightest sulfate (about 11‰) measured during the Phanerozoic, a difference of more than 46‰.     

石油亚砜组份的色谱分离

用经典硅胶柱色谱预分离石油亚砜 PSO 为四个组份后用高效液相色谱对其中的第三个组份 PSO3进行分离制备.通过大量的色谱试验,建立较好的色谱条件,把 PSO3再分离成七个不同的组份,并对其中的两个组份 PSO3c 和 PSO3e 作进一步的色谱分离和纯化,最终获得较纯的亚砜组份,用作结构分析和性能研究.     

高压半渗透隔板仪的研究

本文介绍了一种用国产材料研制的GBY-1型双岩芯室高压半渗透隔板仪。从国内工厂所研制的13种隔板中挑选出气驱水突破压力为7bar的冲压烧结陶瓷隔板,它适用于10md以上的油气储集岩岩样,所测得的毛细管压力—水饱和度关系曲线更为逼近油层条件,且具有不污染样品,测试精度高,重复性好等优点。目前已由江苏海安石油科研仪器厂批量生产。     

Interaction of fluid dynamic factors in the migration and accumulation of natural gas

The migration of fluid petroleum gas, described as fluid potential, depends only on gravity, fluid pressure controlled by depression and capillary force during tectonically stable period; but on tectonic stress during the tectonically active period with severe compression. This method is applied in the Junggar Basin, showing that the migration of Jurassic gas during Cretaceous and Eocene and the migration of Permian gas from Jurassic till the present are determined by capillary force and fluid pressure (including overpressure) which is controlled by depression; the migration of Jurassic gas from Eocene till the present and the migration of Permian gas during Triassic are controlled by tectonic stress.     

石油污染土壤生物修复可行性研究

生物修复已成为石油污染治理的一个重要方法。分析了污染治理过程中影响生物修复的因素,介绍了进行生物修复可行性评价的必要性,着重对可行性评价方法进行了论述。     

中原油田洒落原油对地下水污染的研究

洒落石油对地下水的污染主要分布在井下作业频繁的采油井井场内。在原油污染中心地带，表层土壤受污染最重，边缘地带稍轻；原油组分中非饱和烃运移能力最强；在天然条件下，原油污染物自然降解率较小；在污染区内，包气带中油污染向下运移并不与表层油污染浓度成正比。油污染在包气带中迁移受油污染浓度大小的控制，当石油污染物的浓度大于近似残余饱和度，污染物向下迁移，对地下水产生污染。     

液化气中硫醇结构组成研究

用化学分离结合GC／DFPD、GC-MS仪器分析方法对液化气中的硫醇结构组成进行了分析研究，建立了易于操作的液化气中硫醇分离流程及硫醇的定性．定量分析方法。结果表明，液化气中主要含有结构比较简单的硫醇，以甲硫醇和乙硫醇为主，这与液化气的组成特点相符合。     

基于GPRS的输油管线自动监测系统

针对输油管线分布城广，其监测困难的实际情况，提出了输油管线自动监测系统的构架以及相应模块。该系统采用无线通信技术作为泄漏定位手段；采用GPRS，RS232和工业以太网作为通信总线；采用OPC中间服务器作为监测单元和工作站间的通信接口；用Web服务器系统将信息及时发布到Internet上，该系统具有高效、快捷、实时性好的特点。