霉菌菌丝球WY对酸性棕染料PR的脱色研究

 研究了霉菌菌丝球WY对酸性棕染料PR的脱色性能及对实际印染废水的脱色作用。WY的脱色温度范围较宽,在25~50 ℃范围内,其脱色率均在92％以上。菌球WY的最佳脱色温度为45℃,在此温度时,PR的脱色率达97.92％。菌球WY的最佳脱色pH值为5.0、最佳摇速为90 r/min,PR的相应脱色率分别达93.73％和92.45%。染料浓度在100~300mg/L范围内,WY对PR具有明显的去除活性,300 mg/L时,其去除率达88.71%。菌球WY对染料PR的脱色需要一定的营养。WY对PR脱色所需碳源和氮源范围都较宽。废牛奶可作为WY的良好营养,在省去碳源和氮源的培养基中按2%和10%加入废牛奶制备的菌丝球,对PR的脱色率分别达75.94％和98.06％。WY对实际印染废水有较好的脱色作用,脱色率为86.24%。甲醇对PR具有很好的解吸效果,其解吸率达97.17%。解吸后的菌球对染料仍有很好的脱色作用,其脱色率达93.78%,菌球可重复利用。     

回用水消毒余氯衰减影响因素及数学拟合

 采用序批试验对污水厂二级出水氯消毒的氯衰减过程进行了研究。分析了TOC、pH、投量等在回用水消毒过程中对余氯衰减曲线的影响。通过对比一级、二级、平行一级、多项式等几种常用拟合模型,发现在回用水消毒中,氯和氯胺消毒衰减曲线分别遵循平行一级和多项式模型。TOC值升高、pH值降低、投量越大余氯衰减速度越快。     

SBR处理高浓度氨氮废水硝化反应的研究

采用SBR反应器处理高浓度氨氮废水,考察了反应器内氨氮的去除、亚硝态氮和硝态氮的变化情况,并对反应器的工艺运行条件进行了优化。结果表明：在水力停留时间为24h,pH为7．5,溶解氧浓度为3mg／L时,氨氮的去除效率可以达到99％,反应器内的硝态氮生成量稳定,达到85％以上,亚硝态氮很少。污泥特性研究表明,污泥的沉降性能良好,SV在35—40,粒径分布在183μm左右。     

Rapid determination of pharmaceuticals from multiple therapeutic classes in wastewater by solid-phase ex-traction and ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

A new analytical method utilizing ultra-performance liquid chromatography （UPLC） tandem mass spectrometry （MS/MS） has been developed to determine 16 pharmaceuticals from 8 therapeutic classes in wastewater： bezafibrate, clofibric acid, carbamazepine, caffeine, chloramphenicol, diclofenac, gemfibrozil, indomethacin, ketoprofen, mefenamic acid, metoprolol, nalidixic acid, N,N-diethyl-metatoluamide, propranolol, sulpiride and trimethoprim. Key parameters of MS/MS, UPLC and solid phase extraction （SPE） were optimized. In general, recovery of target pharmaceuticals was over 70% for the wastewater effluent samples and 50% for the influent samples. The effects of matrix suppression, loss during the pretreatment as well as instrument variability were successfully corrected by two internal standards, and acceptable relative recovery was obtained. Target compounds were quantitatively analyzed using multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） mode, and the detection limits ranged from 0.3 to 20 ng/L. A detailed study, matrix effect in effluent wastewater was also present. The method was applied to detecting pharmaceuticals in the wastewater from three wastewater treatment plants （WWTPs） in Beijing, China and the results demonstrated that most target compounds were detectable in both the influent and effluent, with the mean concentrations ranging from 20.5 to 5775.6 ng/L and 4.6 to 418.6 ng/L, respectively.     

Application of immobilized psychrotrophs in ICCBR to treat domestic wastewater and its microbiological investigation

To guarantee the efficiency of biotreatment of domestic wastewater in chilly season, six high efficient cold-adapted microorganisms were isolated, and identified as Zoogloea, Aeromonas, Flarobacterium, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas. These cold-adapted microorganisms with 63.67% Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal efficiency higher than that of mesophiles at low temperature were immobilized on soft polyurethane foams and applied to internal circulation compound bioreactor (ICCBR) to treat domestic wastewater. In an experiment period of 12 months, the treatment efficiency, ecological factors, sludge physicochemical properties, and microbiology were studied. Results showed that the average COD removal efficiency in the ICCBR was 85.79% between 4℃ and 10℃ in winter, and 86.66% in the whole year, and COD of systemic effluent was below 60 mg•L⁻¹ which could achieve the first-degree B discharge standard of pollutants in China for municipal wastewater treatment plant. The reduction in microfauna and biomass on carriers could be associated with the seasonal temperature transients, the concentrations of protozoa and metazoan decreased from 110000±30000 microorganisms/mL sludge in summer to 35000±20000 microorganisms/mL sludge in winter, and biomass on carriers increased in the beginning and slightly reduced in the end.     

地下渗滤系统脱氮的研究进展

地下渗滤系统基于循环再生等生态学原理,在深度处理生活污水的同时,出水可二次回用,但脱氮问题一直没得到很好的解决.为了促进地下渗滤处理技术的快速发展,本文主要对地下渗滤系统的特征、除污原理以及地下渗滤系统脱氮作用的强化措施(如改善系统的氧化还原环境及二次布水等)进行了综述.建议采取适当的基质改良措施,科学改善系统内部的氧化还原环境,同时采用二次补水等技术强化系统脱氮.     

A/OMBR组合工艺处理酞菁染料KN-G废水

采用厌氧-好氧膜生物反应器组合(A/O MBR)工艺,处理含酞菁染料KN-G废水.研究A/O MBR对酞菁印染废水的降解能力,以及在添加微量元素Mn和不同的进水pH值条件下的降解特性.结果表明:A/O MBR工艺对酞菁染料KN-G印染废水的化学需氧量去除率可达到90%以上,脱色率为63%;添加微量元素Mn,A/O MBR系统对酞菁染料KN-G染料的脱色率下降.当进水pH值为3.0时,平均脱色效率最高达到80%,在酸性条件下酞菁染料的脱色率优于碱性条件.     

印染污泥附剂处理印染废水试验研究

采用静态吸附分段试验方法,研究了以牛仔布印染污泥为原料制备的吸附剂处理牛仔布加工废水的可行性,探讨了吸附处理的影响的工艺因素.结果表明:在吸附剂投加量为10 g·L-1、体系pH值为5、混合反应时间120 min的条件下,可将印染废水的COD从614.68mg·L-1降低到116.24 mg·L-1,颜色变得清澈透明,达到二级排放标准;吸附-催化氧化联合流程处理,COD从614.68 mg·L-1降低到36.92 mg·L-1,达到一级排放标准.     

Pt/GAC催化剂的制备及催化氧化冷凝废水研究

以H2PtCl6·6H2O为前驱体,颗粒活性炭为载体,采用乙二醇还原法制备Pt/GAC催化剂,并用于催化氧化冷凝废水.实验结果表明,当催化剂活性组分Pt负载量为1.5%、焙烧温度为350 ℃、NaOH与Pt的物质的量的比为6∶ 1条件下制备的催化剂具有较高的催化活性,在反应温度40 ℃和常压条件下,催化剂投加量为13.33 g/L和反应时间为2 h,冷凝废水中85%以上的乙醇被氧化,而且催化剂重复使用6次后,冷凝废水中80%以上的乙醇可被氧化,其催化活性仍然达到80%以上.该种条件下制备的催化剂粒径约为5～15 nm,活性组分Pt以Pt0的形式在载体表面均匀分布.     

混凝-膜生物反应器工艺处理印染废水

采用膜生物反应器对印染废水进行好氧生物活性处理,并对处理水样的化学耗氧量、生物耗氧量、色度和浊度等各项水质指标进行连续测定、分析与处理.实验结果表明:膜生物反应器在混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)质量浓度约5～8 g/L的条件下运行,当系统进水的化学耗氧量(COD_(Cr))为750-900 mg/L,生物耗氧量(BOD)为130-250 mg/L,色度为100-200倍时,出水COD_(Cr),去除率可高达86.6%,BOD、色度、浊度以及悬浮固体(SS)质量浓度几乎为0,处理效果较好.采用混凝-膜生物反应器工艺处理印染废水技术可行.