河西走廊土地利用格局及影响因子研究——以张掖绿洲为例

利用2000年Landsat 5的4、3、2(RGB)波段合成影像解译结果,采用中国科学院资源环境数据库中的全国1∶10万土地资源利用分类系统,基于GIS(arcview 3.2a)对河西走廊中段的张掖绿洲的土地利用格局进行了研究。并运用典型相关分析方法对张掖绿洲土地利用格局及其影响因子进行了统计分析,诊断出各影响因子对该区土地利用格局形成的贡献作用太小,同时运用典型相关系数和冗余度分析,检验了分析结果。     

GAP分析与区域生物多样性保护

人为活动对区域生境干扰导致濒危物种数量不断增加,是目前全世界范围内生物多样性保护工作面临的严峻挑战。为扭转传统保护思路难以适应现代生物多样性保护需求这一被动现状,人们开始采用一种基于景观和区域尺度的整体保护策略,GAP分析就是实现这种保护策略的主要支撑技术。该技术的核心是通过区域性的土地覆盖、物种分布和土地权属叠图综合分析,鉴别具有重要保护价值的“保护空白”,进而为合理的区域性生物多样性保护设计和土地利用规划,提供科学的决策依据。以美国的GAP分析计划为例,详细介绍GAP分析的基本技术过程,相关理论和实践研究进展及相关技术应用的主要限制因素,并针对我国生物多样性保护工作的现状和存在的关键问题,阐述了我国开展类似理论和应用研究的必要性、重点研究内容及其理论和实践意义。     

基于UML的需求获取工具的设计

提出了一种用例构造框架帮助分析人员构造结构化的用例,同时在用例构造框架的基础上设计了需求获取工具,为分析人员获取和管理需求提供一个直观的可视化的平台.     

小城镇土地利用环境效益综合评价探讨——以重庆市北碚区为例

提高小城镇土地利用的环境效益是小城镇建设的一项重要任务。小城镇土地利用环境效益综合评价直接反应小城镇土地利用的环境效益。文章建构了小城镇土地利用环境效益综合评价的指标体系,并采用多因素综合评价的方法,对重庆市北碚区小城镇土地利用的环境效益进行了分析,由此对小城镇土地利用环境效益综合评价的方法进行一定的探讨。     

山西省土地资源集约利用评价研究

我国人多地少,土地供需矛盾十分突出。在这个大背景下,对保护资源与保障发展两难境地的土地利用规划来说,节约集约用地成了缓解土地供需矛盾、确保区域经济社会持续稳定发展的内在需要。通过对山西省2000-2007年人口发展、建设用地增加和国内生产总值增加等情况的分析,明确了山西省建设用地集约利用的现状和问题,提出了相应的对策。     

Description and ecology of a new species of sun spider (Arachnida: Solifugae) from the Brazilian Cerrado

A new species of solifuge from São Paulo State, south-eastern Brazil, is described, together with its phenology, habitat use, activity pattern and the effect of fire on the population. Mummucia coaraciandu n. sp. differs from other Mummuciidae in cheliceral dentition and pleurite coloration. Over a one-year period, 649 individuals of M. coaraciandu were captured in 72 pitfall traps distributed in three Cerrado physiognomies: borders of gallery forest (N=53), campo sujo (N=561) and campo cerrado (N=35). The species is diurnal and showed two peaks of surface activity during the year: the highest peak occurred in the cold–dry season (June to July) and the smaller peak in the middle of the warm–wet season (December to February). The number of individuals per trap was negatively correlated with the mean monthly temperature, but showed no correlation with the monthly precipitation. The sex ratio was male-biased (7:1) and the number of males trapped was positively correlated with the number of reproductive females. More individuals were trapped in burned areas when compared with unburned areas 1 month after the fire. This difference between the two areas was not observed 1 month before and 3–4 months after the passage of the fire (when the vegetation had recovered). Mummucia coaraciandu is the second solifuge described from the Brazilian Cerrado and its ecology is very similar to that of Mummucia mauryi from Caatinga vegetation.     

Reinforcement as a conservation tool – assessing site fidelity and movement of the endangered elongated tortoise Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854)

In order to assess the efficacy of reinforcement as a conservation tool for rehabilitated elongated tortoises Indotestudo elongata (Blyth, 1854) we released 10 adults equipped with radio tracking transmitters to the Kulen Promtep Wildlife Sanctuary in northern Cambodia. Based on short-term success indicators for reintroduction studies on reptiles we studied the tortoises’ adaptation to the new environment for five months. The tortoises successfully settled in the new environment without showing adverse effects regarding their behaviour, condition index (CI) and physical appearance. The annual survival rate was 76%. Based on individual locations collected, we analysed the tortoises’ movement patterns including daily displacement, five-month and seasonal home range sizes using minimum convex polygons (MCPs) and fixed kernel density estimators (KDEs).     

Home range behaviour in male and female poison frogs in Amazonian Peru (Dendrobatidae: Ranitomeya reticulata)

The poison frog Ranitomeya reticulata was studied for 3 months while mark–recapture surveys were performed. Ranitomeya species deposit terrestrial clutches and carry tadpoles to phytotelmata with few taxa performing biparental brood care including larval feeding. Home range size and spatial affinity to phytotelmata in the genus are linked to mating systems. In R. reticulata, individual home range size and overlap were similar in both sexes, indicating equal levels of site fidelity. Although territory defence was never observed, strong intrasexual intolerance within individuals' core areas was found. The large intersexual home range overlap for breeding pairs indicated that mate fidelity occurs. Individuals' home ranges were not overlapping, suggesting that R. reticulata lacks pair-bonding or strongly cooperative behaviour in parental duties. The number of ground bromeliads containing phytotelmata and home range size of males were positively correlated. Our findings suggest that females do not perform egg-feeding and male-only parental care is likely.     

Ecological aspects of the pumpkin toadlet,Brachycephalus garbeanus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920 (Anura: Neobatrachia: Brachycephalidae), in a highland forest of southeastern Brazil

Brachycephalus garbeanus is an aposematic toadlet, endemic to the Atlantic Forest in the mountains of the state of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil. Information regarding the ecology of species in this genus is scarce, with no information on most species, including B. garbeanus. We provide ecological information about B. garbeanus, in particular regarding microhabitat use, sexual dimorphism in body size, and feeding habits. Our study was conducted in a montane area of the Parque Estadual dos Três Picos, the largest State park in Rio de Janeiro. Most of the B. garbeanus in the study area were found on the forest floor leaf litter. Females were larger on average than males. Brachycephalus garbeanus consumed a wide array of prey, comprising exclusively invertebrates and predominantly arthropods. There were seasonal differences in the diet composition, but mites and ants were important in both wet and dry seasons.     

浅谈电梯的日常维护与使用管理

概述了电梯日常维护保养的方法,指明了电梯日常使用管理需注意的有关问题。