Extended parental care in two endobenthic amphipods

Extended parental care is described for two endobenthic amphipods which inhabit the estuarine soft-bottoms along the Gulf of Maine. The juveniles of both amphipod species, Leptocheirus pinguis and Casco bigelowi, remain in the burrow of their mother after they hatch from the brood pouch. Several consecutive clutches of L. pinguis can inhabit the female's burrow simultaneously, but in C. bigelowi there is always only one clutch of juveniles in the burrow of the female. Larger juveniles of L. pinguis start building their own small tubes at the bottom of the female's burrow. Casco bigelowi females increase the size of their burrows during the time when the juveniles grow. The juveniles of both species leave the female's burrow at about half adult size. The major tasks of female L. pinguis and C. bigelowi during the time of extended parental care is to irrigate and maintain the deep burrow. It is hypothesized that extended parental care in L. pinguis, C. bigelowi and other tube/burrow-living peracarids is a mechanism to protect small offspring from epibenthic predation.     

Two nesting behaviours and life history of a subsocial African dungrolling beetle,Scarabaeus catenatus (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Nesting behaviour of a large-sized dung beetle, Scarabaeus catenatus (Gerstaecker), was observed at the Tsavo West National Park, south-eastern Kenya. Although this species is taxonomically a member of a dung-roller group (that is, subfamily Scarabaeinae), it had not only a rolling behaviour but also a tunneller behaviour for nesting. In the former case, the scarab rolled a chunk or a ball of dung some distance (0·5–15·5m) away from the dung pat and buried it under the ground. In the latter case, it dug a tunnel near the dung pat (0–1 m) and transported several pieces of dung into the burrow. In both cases, brood nests were completed by a female alone or by male-female co-operation. Four days after dung burial, the female made one to four brood balls out of buried dung, in each of which she deposited an egg. On the other hand, the male left the nest soon after the female completed oviposition. Even after oviposition, the female stayed in the nest and cared for her progeny until they emerged. This indicates that S. catenatus is subsocial. A major source of offspring mortality was likely to be predation by driver ants (Dorylus sp.). Most females seemed to breed one time in each of two or more successive rainy seasons.     

基于双层多粒子群算法的HDEHR系统资源分配

为解决集中式区域医疗信息集成系统存在的访问瓶颈问题,设计了一种层次化分布式EHR集成模型HDEHR(hierarchical distributed EHR).介绍了HDEHR模型的总体架构,指出了该模型中的系统资源分配问题.为HDEHR系统资源分配问题进行了形式化定义,提出一种采用平均等待时间和网络与节点资源利用均衡度的调和模型作为最优化目标函数.根据HDEHR模型层次化的特点设计了一种双层多粒子群算法BLMSPSO(bi-level multi-swarm PSO),并用其解决了模型资源的最优化分配问题.采用HDEHR-Sim仿真平台进行了试验,对HDEHR算法和集中式EHR模型进行了比较.结果表明,该系统具备线性响应能力,能很好地解决集中式EHR集成模型存在访问瓶颈的问题.     

基于6LoWPAN６的PRL路由协议研究

鲁迅对日本文化和日本国民性的关注更多的是从中国国民性批判的角度来进行的,他的日本认识包含两个层面:一是作为国民性改造过程中的一个参照物的日本,他过多地强调日本民族的优点而少谈日本民族的缺点,就在于他是以日本民族的优点作为救治本民族缺点的"药",日本民族的优点的选择是出于本民族现实需要的目的;二是作为独立民族文化的日本,他摆脱了中日冲突背景下的激进和狭隘的民族主义,以冷静的态度进行中日文化的交流,以期促成民族间的理解和友好。     

煤矿井下作业人员管理系统工作原理及应用探讨

介绍了井下作业人员管理系统的工作原理和其在实际生产中的应用情况,指出并分析了系统目前存在的缺陷,提出了一种简单易行的解决方案.实践表明,这种方案能很好地弥补之前系统中存在的不足,提高人员定位系统在人员定位和灾难期间的救护能力.     

农业院校学生农村就业的利与弊

在当今社会竞争如此激烈的大环境下,高校毕业生的规模又如此的庞大,就业的压力越来越大,有一种呼声:农业院校的毕业生到农村就业是唯一途径,这种声音普遍受到社会和人们的关注。其实现在的农业院校并非以前仅仅是农业专业,因经济全球化的快速发展让农业院校在专业方向的建设上也开始多元化。再且,由于现在的毕业生都是80后、90后,去农村就业有利有弊,所以农村并不是农业院校毕业生的唯一出路。     

大学生马基雅维利主义倾向探微

个体的马基雅维利主义倾向影响其对人际交往的态度与实践。文章采用西方成熟量表,通过对南京某高校274名大学生样本研究结果发现:多数人的马基雅维利主义水平比较低,约三分之一强的人属于高马基雅维利主义者;男生要比女生表现出较高的马氏水平;非商科学生比商科学生表现出较高的水平;三个年级中,大一学生的马氏水平最高;在所有学生中,城市大学生的马氏水平最高,来自农村与小城镇大学生的马氏水平几乎相同。     

老年性痴呆患者的药物治疗及心理干预

目的通过对AD痴呆患者的家庭进行跟踪随访,进行心理治疗护理,预防痴呆患者意外伤害及并发症的发生,提高患者及家庭的生存质量.方法对所选患者进行心智功能及功能性评估,制定相应的心理治疗及护理对策.结果通过心理治疗护理后痴呆患者生存质量有所提高,家庭互动良好,平均返院时间延长.结论通过开展老年痴呆症心理治疗及护理,建立良好的医护患的关系,提高患者生存满意度,使整个家庭生存质量改善提高.     

基于J2ME的教师个人信息助理软件

随着高校教师越来越多地同时从事教学、科研和行政等各方面工作,有必要对各类相关信息进行简单方便的管理查询。笔者利用手机携带方便的特点,在基于Java 2 Micro Edition(J2ME)规范的手机上研制了教师个人信息助理软件。该软件功能系结合高校实际情况而设计,解决了手机数据导入和更新的问题。经过在多种手机上使用,证明该软件可以正常使用,并有助于提高教师的工作效率。     

Predation on eggs of Schneider’s dwarf caiman,Paleosuchus trigonatus (Schneider, 1807), by armadillos and other predators

Nests of Schneider’s dwarf caiman, Paleosuchus trigonatus, were located in the forests around three streams that drain into the Xingu River, Brazilian Amazonia, in October 2014. Camera traps were installed at the edge of four nests to document predators and female parental care. At two nests, females unsuccessfully defended their nests against one or more giant armadillos, Priodontes maximus, and nine-banded armadillos, Dasypus novemcinctus. Both armadillo species responded to the attack by fleeing and returning on the opposite side of the nest by going around the tree under which the nest was located. Giant armadillos have never before been recorded consuming caiman eggs and their diet has been described as consisting mostly of ants and termites. Another species of armadillo, Cabassous unicinctus, was also registered digging into a nest and probably consuming eggs, though it is generally considered to be primarily insectivorous. A tayra (Eira barbara), lizard (Tupinambis teguixin) and coati (Nasua nasua) were also registered taking eggs from nests during the day, but we obtained no registers of nest defence by caimans during the day. The three nests were attacked after 60 days of incubation, when the eggs were well developed.