人胎盘绒毛合胞体细胞凋亡的电镜观察

利用电镜观察人胎盘绒毛的合肥体时，发现妊娠早期已有代表退化现象的合肥体结形成，此时合胞体结的核染色质分布均匀，近核区的粗面内质风渠扩大，从妊娠中期开始合肥体 的核染色质出现凝缩及边集，近核区粗面内质网渠扩大明显，并可见合胞体结游离面断主绒毛间隙有浓缩细胞核和部分胞南，发现提示合胞体细胞的凋亡是从形成合胞体结开始，再经核染色质凝缩与边集及近核区粗面内质网渠的扩张，最后造成合胞体结游离面断裂及浓缩的核     

不同处理西葫芦幼瓜发育过程中的氨基酸分析

对花期西葫芦进行人工授粉、激素处理及未授粉帮冠３种处理，花后０～１０天内每隔２天测定幼瓜瓜柄、胎座、中壁及端壁４个部位的游离氨基酸含量。分析结果表明：３种处理下４个部位的游离氨基酸含量在开花后初期都有不同程度的降低，除了幼瓜端壁在激素处理后８天出现一高峰外，都保持了受精后胎座处游离氨基酸水平高于中壁、端壁及瓜柄；激素处理初期（０～４天内）瓜柄、胎座及端壁等部位的氨基酸水平都高于未授粉处理和人工授粉     

Evidence of undiscovered cell regulatory mechanisms: phosphoproteins and protein kinases in mitochondria

The finding that mitochondria contain substrates for protein kinases lead to the discovery that protein kinases are located in the mitochondria of certain tissues and species. These include pyruvate dyhydrogenase kinase, branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase, protein kinase A, protein kinase Cδ, stress-activated kinase and A-Raf as well as unidentified kinases. Recent evidence suggests that mitochondrial protein kinases may be involved in physiological processes such as apoptosis and steroidogenesis. Additionally, the novel finding of low-molecular-weight GTP-binding proteins in mitochondria suggests the possibility that these may interact with mitochondrial protein kinases to regulate the activity of mitochondrial effector proteins. The fact that there are components of cellular regulatory systems in mitochondria indicates the exciting possibility of undiscovered systems regulating mitochondrial physiology. Received 19 June 2001; received after revision 7 August 2001; accepted 8 August 2001     

乙醇对人工流产新鲜绒毛雌二醇分泌的影响

本工作利用体外灌输技术,观察了三种不同浓度的乙醇(1％,2.5％、5％)对妊娠早期人工流产新鲜胎盘绒毛分泌雌二醇的影响。结果表明,乙醇具有促进雌二醇分泌的作用,但在乙醇剂量和雌二醇水平之间不存在正相关性。提示妊娠妇女经常饮酒或酗酒可能通过破坏胎盘激素内分泌的平衡,从而影响胎儿的正常生长和发育。     

Detection of HLA-E and -G DNA alleles for population and disease studies

HLA-E and -G genes show a restricted polymorphism encoding for molecules whose variability is limited at the peptide binding site. Fourteen alleles that give rise to only three productive proteins for HLA-G (*0101, *0103 and *0104) and five alleles with three different proteins for HLA-E (*0101, *0102 and *0103) have been described. Expression of these molecules is low and found in many tissues for HLA-E; HLA-G protein is expressed in extravillous trophoblast cells and thymic epithelium. Molecular studies have shown how HLA-G and HLA-E bind to natural killer (NK) cells immunoglobulin and lectin-type inhibitory receptors. HLA-E may act as a sentinel of the cell; if classical class I and HLA-G are being expressed, HLA-E molecules may reach the cell surface and inhibit the lysis by NK cells. Most findings are consistent with the hypothesis that HLA-E and -G proteins may be tolerogenic molecules at either the T-cell receptor (TcR) (inflammation, graft rejection) or NK level, switching off cells which usually attack foreign (including foetus) or self (autoimmune) antigens. A low HLA-E and -G polymorphism is observed in humans, and their allele frequencies are mostly homogeneous in the populations tested so far. Many studies to detect these alleles are now being performed in isolated populations and also in pregnancy-associated pathologies. In the present paper, standard and detailed techniques to detect HLA-E and -G DNA polymorphism are reported and discussed. Received 14 July 1999; received after revision 25 August 1999; accepted 25 August 1999     

活化羊胎素的提取与应用开发

以健康羊胎盘为原料,采用现代生物工程技术制备活化羊胎素制备工艺简单,无需特殊提纯手段。研究表明,其活性成分能显著地机体免疫能力。     

一种新细胞因子基因真核表达载体的构建和鉴定

采用PCR方法,以人胎盘cDNA文库为模板,扩增出人B淋巴细胞刺激因子（hBLys）,经克隆测序及纯化后,再以此PCR产物为模板,用Nest-PCR方法进一步扩增得到B淋巴细胞刺激因子的胞膜外功能区域（hsBLyS）的DNA片段,纯化、克隆测定鉴定后,扩增并纯化粒,经酶切、纯化后克隆到真核表达质粒pcDNA3.1（＋）中,构成真核表达载体pcDNA3．1（＋）／hsBLyS。结果表明：用此方法制备得到的hsBLyS的DNA片段经测序鉴定与文献报道相符,构建的真核表达载体经鉴定也达到了预计的结果。