水力旋流分离器在油水分离领域的研究进展

水力旋流器利用密度差实现两相分离,具有结构简单、分离效率高等优点,因此在原油预脱水处理等油水分离领域得到广泛应用。 鉴于此,通过分析和收集水力旋流器相关文献,对油水分离领域水力旋流分离器的研究现状进行了阐述和总结,包括水力旋流分离器的发展历程、基本结构、内部流场和工作原理等相关方面;同时,对油水分离领域不同类型的水力旋流分离器进行了对比分析,发现在水力旋流器的结构参数优化以及内部液体流动规律等方面,单一结构的参数优化或单一、静态的系统分析不能系统全面地反映实际复杂工况。 因此,将计算机仿真模拟和相关先进检测技术相结合,用于旋流器的参数优化、内部液体流动规律分析以及构建预测模型等方面,对于旋流器的结构设计优化、分离效率提升等方面意义重大;另外,目前的研究多着重于旋流器的结构和流体特性等方面,对于旋流器内部的磨损、疲劳损伤等方面的研究较为缺乏;最后,对水力旋流分离器在油水分离方面研究的不足和发展方向进行了分析和展望。     

Cholecystokinin is not a major regulator in the digestive system in the chicken

To find out whether physiological concentrations of cholecystokinin (CCK), a gastrointestinal hormone in mammals, are also active in chickens, the pancreatic amylase secretory response to CCK-8 was investigated in vitro. Rat pancreatic acini responded to the physiological concentration of CCK-8, but in chickens amylase release was induced at a concentration of CCK-8 1000 times higher than that observed in rats. In another experiment, biliary flow was tested with several doses of CCK-8. The bile flow was stimulated in a dose-dependent fashion, but a significant enhancement was not obtained at a concentration of 0.5 g CCK-8/kg body weight, which was considerably higher than physiological ones. It is concluded that endogeneous CCK does not have an important role in the digestive system in the chicken.     

Energy flow and community structure in freshwater ecosystems

The goal of this article is twofold: 1) It aims at providing an overview on some major results obtained from energy flow studies in individuals, populations, and communities, and 2) it will also focus on major mechanisms explaining community structures. The basis for any biological community to survive and establish a certain population density is on the one hand energy fixation by primary producers together with adequate nutrient supply and the transfer of energy between trophic levels (bottom-up effect). On the other hand, predator pressures may strongly control prey population densities one or more trophic levels below (top-down effect). Other interpopulation effects include competition, chemical interactions and evolutionary genetic processes, which further interact and result in the specific structuring of any community with respect to species composition and population sizes.     

泵引起的液压系统振动分析

通过液压系统产生振动和噪音的振源及振动量传递的分析,开发了测定泵的振源特性的新方法,－２压力／２系统”法,介绍了用阻抗求解管内压力脉动的方法及通用仿真程序包,实验表明,仿真结果与实测结果一致。     

垂直弹射系统弹射初始阶段内流场数值分析

针对燃气活塞弹射装置在垂直发射系统中的应用,采用计算流体软件Fluent的源项法,用UDF(用户自定义函数)编译来实现火药燃气的质量、动量、能量向高压室的注入,对弹射初始阶段高压室和低压室内燃气流场进行了数值分析,得出以下结论:高压室压力在破膜前快速上升,破膜后缓慢上升的趋势,在高压上下两端压力应力集中,低压室呈中间和两端压力应力集中现象,同时高压室形成的低速燃气经导管产生激波形成超声速燃气流撞击低压室,并分析了压力和速度对弹射装置的影响。计算结果表明,该方法能够较好地仿真弹射装置燃气流场的特性,为弹射装置优化设计和装药设计提供理论依据。     

连续滚动生产作业安排中初始状态非平凡的P//C_(max)问题

以实际中连续滚动生产为背景,研究了一类新的平行机作业安排问题,即初始状态非平凡的Ｐ∥Ｃ_ｍａｘ问题。基于经典的Ｂｉｎ－ｐａｃｋｉｎｇ（装箱）理论和技巧,提出改进的Ｍｕｌｔｉｆｉｔ算法及相应的ＩＦＦＤ装法,并分析算法在最坏情况下的性能指标上界为４／３．最后,提出连续生产中周期滚动式作业安排的实施算法,实现了设备不空闲而连续运行。     

一些基本图的〔强〕自同态摹群

确定了一些基本图的〔强〕自同态摹群的基数,并在证明过程中实际上确定了这些摹群的全部元素,同时发现确定一些极其简单的图之自同态摹群却是极其困难的事情,有时甚至导致一些一般的组合难题．     

脉冲示踪法实验误差分析

本文从理论和实验两方面分析了脉冲示踪法中脉冲时间、示踪剂输入和记录仪记录时间差、示踪剂纯度与用量和实验温度对反应器内物料停留时间分布和流动模型参数测定误差的影响,以便在实验中采取相应措施减小或消除误差,获得准确的实验结果。     

信号流图的扩展及其应用

将信号流图扩展到状态空间构成所谓向量流图,用公式可实现组合系统规范化;按工答过程绘制信号流图构成所谓过程流图,可对系统组件作深入的分析。