Development and hormonal control of thioredoxin and the thioredoxin-reductase system in the rat liver during the perinatal period

Summary The development and hormonal regulation of thioredoxin and of the thioredoxin-reductase system were investigated during the perinatal period in rat liver. An immunological procedure was developed in order to quantify thioredoxin in fetal and neonatal hepatocytes. Both immunoreactive thioredoxin and thioredoxin-reductase activity appeared on day 16.5 of pregnancy. The level of immunoreactive thioredoxin increased during the late fetal period, and its level was the same 24 h after birth. Moreover, its development was not subjected to hormonal regulation by corticosteroids and glucagon. In contrast, thioredoxin-reductase activity increased 3 times during the late fetal period and presented a marked increase 24 h after birth. In the absence of glucocorticoids there was no increase in the level of thioredoxin reductase, while administration of hydrocortisone acetate and glucagon to fetuses prematurely evoked its activity. This study suggests that if thioredoxin acts physiologically, this activity is related to the state of reduction of the molecule rather than to the total concentration in the liver.     

围产窒息儿血清类胰岛素样生长因子－1水平变化及意义

目的 :了解围产窒息存活儿血清类胰岛素样生长因子 - 1(IGF - 1)水平变化规律 ,探讨其与缺氧缺血性脑病的关系。方法 :以围产窒息的足月存活儿为对象 ,根据缺氧缺血性脑病程度分为轻度组和中重度组 ,并以正常足月儿为对照 ,于生后 3d内 (急性期 )和 (14± 3)d(恢复期 )采外周静脉血 ,采取双抗体不平衡的放射免疫分析法进行测定。结果 :围产窒息 (轻、中重度 )存活儿生后 3d内 (急性期 )IGF - 1的含量水平与正常对照组差异无显著性 ,而生后 (14± 3)d(恢复期 )IGF -1明显升高 ,显著高于正常对照组 ,且中重度缺氧缺血性脑病组较轻度组升高更加显著。结论 :IGF- 1在围产期窒息脑损伤修复过程中起重要作用。     

Effect of maternal under-nutrition on pup body weight and hypothalamic endocannabinoid levels

Dietary long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are known to influence brain levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide in newborn pigs and mice. Furthermore, endocannabinoids were shown to control pup suckling and body weight in mice, and food intake in adult rodents. Here we determined the effect of maternal under-nutrition during gestation, lactation, or both, on body weight, and on the levels of endocannabinoids and expression of cannabinoid CB₁ receptors and fatty acid amide hydrolase in the hypothalamus of rat pups at weaning (21 days old) or adult rats (4 months old). Maternal under-nutrition resulted in a striking decrease in body weight of weaning rats, paralleled by a decrease in the hypothalamic levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, but not of 2-arachidonoylglycerol. No significant change in the hypothalamic expression of either cannabinoid CB₁ receptors or fatty acid amide hydrolase mRNA was detected in any of the three groups of weaned pups. The decrease in pup body weight and hypothalamic anandamide levels was not observable in 4-month-old rats from any of the three groups. These data suggest that maternal under-nutrition causes a decrease in hypothalamic anandamide levels and loss of body weight, and confirm a crucial role for endocannabinoid signalling in neonatal development. Received 4 November 2002; received after revision 29 November 2002; accepted 16 December 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症238例临床分析

目的：探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症（ICP）的发病率、诊断、围产期并发症及防治对策。方法：对本院近5年发生的2384例ICP病例分治疗组（132例）和未治组（106例）进行回顾性分析。结果：治疗组各项血生化指标明显下降、围生儿死亡率、宫内窘迫、新生儿窒息、早产及产后出血率明显低于对照组。结论：加强对ICP的早期诊断、早期治疗,仔细观察多项临床及实验室指标变化,如胎心胎动、NST胎心基线变异、血清转氨酶、胆红素和总胆汁酸,及早发现胎儿宫内窘迫,适时终止妊娠是降低围产儿死亡的关键,也可降低产后出血发生率。     

新生儿窒息132例临床分析

以 1 32例新生儿窒息作为研究对象 ,选择 3日内相同分娩方式 (指阴道分娩或剖宫产 )出生的、没有新生儿窒息的 1 32例作为对照 ,分析比较两组孕妇年龄、孕产次等 ,寻找新生儿窒息的危险因素 ,发现观察组孕妇早产、过期妊娠的发生率明显高于对照组 ,并有统计学差异。     

Maternal stress alters monoamine metabolites in fetal and neonatal rat brain

Summary Heat-restraint stress given rats during the last week of gestation significantly altered dopaminergic dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and homovanillic acid (DOPAC and HVA) and noradrenergic 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenyl-ethylene glycol (MOPEG) forebrain-hypothalamic monoamine (MA) metabolites in female offspring. On gestational day 21, HVA and MOPEG were significantly higher and lower, and on postnatal day 1 all were higher. There were virtually no differences in brain MA concentrations in males. Thus MA metabolic concentrations differ in fetal-neonatal forebrain-hypothalamus as a function of sex differences and maternal stress.     

新生儿窒息免疫球蛋白及补体变化及临床意义

目的探讨新生儿窒息免疫球蛋白及补体的变化与临床的关系。方法通过对窒息组与对照组生后24h及生后第7d测血清免疫球蛋白及补体进行对比分析。结果新生儿轻度窒息患儿的血清免疫球蛋白及补体降低,与对照组比较无显著性差异（P〉0．05））,重度窒息患儿血清免疫球蛋白及补体明显降低,与对照组比较有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论新生儿窒息时血清免疫球蛋白及补体变化与窒息程度密切相关。     

围产儿死亡103例临床分析

目的探讨围产儿死亡原因,以降低围产儿死亡率。方法回顾分析1998年8月～2008年8月该院围产儿死亡病历。结果103例围产儿死亡主要原因为早产、胎儿畸形、脐带因素、新生儿窒息和胎盘因素。结论加强产前健康教育,提高产科、新生儿质量及围产儿保健工作,尽早筛查胎儿畸形可降低围产儿死亡率。     

新生儿窒息血自由基IL-6变化与临床意义

研究新生儿窒息对血清中NO、SOD、MDA和IL-6的水平变化与临床意义。选用新生儿窒息患儿54例（轻度窒息34例,重度窒息20例）,分别于生后第1天和第7天采取静脉血检测血清NO、SOD、MDA和IL-6水平。12例无窒息史新生儿作为对照组。结果表明：新生儿窒息组血清NO、MDA和IL-6水平明显高于对照组,血清SOD活性明显低于对照组,均有统计学意义。两组比较：NO含量（P〈0．05）、SOD（P〈0．01）、MDA（P〈0．05）、IL-6（P〈0．01）;且新生儿窒息组在住院治疗第7天时,血清NO、MDA和IL-6水平比住院第1天时明显降低,血清SOD活性明显回升,均P〈0．01。而轻度与重度窒息组之间血清NO、SOD、MDA和IL-6水平比较亦存在着差异,具有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。为此,新生儿窒息的发病机制与自由基和IL-6有关,检测血清NO、SOD、MDA和IL-6水平可作为判定新生儿窒息病情程度及预后的重要指标。     

早期营养不良对SD大鼠海马AchE和ChAT表达的影响

目的探讨生命早期营养不良对21天雄性sD大鼠中枢AchE和ChAT的影响。方法从妊娠晚期到哺乳期末给予母鼠半量饲料,造成子鼠营养不良,取哺乳期末雄性子鼠脑海马组织进行测量。结果免疫组化结果示：实验组海马CA3区ChAT光密度低于对照组（P〈0．05）,在CA!区无差异（P〉0．05）;而两纽间CAl和CA3区AchE光密度均无差异（P〉0．05）;RT—PCR示：实验组海马ChAT、AchEmRNA少于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论早期营养不良能导致子鼠海马及中枢胆碱能系统发育障碍,可能会影响成年后大鼠学习记忆能力。