开孔铺面土柱入渗试验及对地表径流削减作用分析

对开孔铺面的土柱入渗试验结果是：在充分供水条件下,下渗强度和下渗量的大小与土壤性质、土壤含水量及淹水深度有关,利用试验结果对典型城市设计暴雨分析表明,开孔铺面对地表径流确有削减作用,但不同的土壤性质、土壤含水量,降雨强度、降雨历时的削减作用有显著的判别。     

小周期孔洞区域上弹性问题多尺度有限元计算

讨论了小周期孔洞结构弹性问题的多尺度有限元计算方法.首先,对该区域上的弹性位移问题给出了多尺度渐近展开,紧接着讨论了相应的多尺度有限元计算方法,最后给出的数值算例验证了该方法的可行性.     

多孔氧化铝膜的制备及其光学性质

提出了一种制备具有周期结构金属薄膜的新方法--阳极氧化法制备多孔氧化铝膜.以草酸为电解液,制备出了几种表面孔径不同的多孔氧化铝膜,并在其表面镀银制得样品.用场发射扫描电镜观察多孔氧化铝膜的表面形貌,并采用光谱仪测定了样品的透射光谱.研究发现,由于表面等离子激元波(surface plasmon polaritons, SPPs)的作用,在可见光波段观察到了透过率异常增强现象.     

Wave Damping over a Perforated Plate with Water Chambers

Introduction In recent decades,various permeable structures have been used in coastal engineering projects not only as breakwaters to prevent wave attacks but also as sea-walls to dissipate harbor waves.Permeable structures can be cataloged by their appea…     

射孔套管剩余抗挤能力分析

套管射孔后其抗挤能力将有所降低。建立了射孔段套管弹性抗挤性能分析控制的一般方程 ,并利用摄动理论给出了射孔套管弹性抗挤能力系数的一般计算公式。利用弹塑性有限元方法确定了孔口附近塑性区随射孔套管的外压增加的变化规律 ,并给出了确定射孔套管抗挤能力的计算方法。研究结果表明 ,孔眼附近的应力集中所引起的塑性区的存在 ,明显影响了射孔套管的抗挤强度。与弹性分析结果比较 ,弹塑性分析结果更接近实验值。孔眼的形状对射孔套管抗挤能力有直接影响。长轴在环向的椭圆形孔眼的套管抗挤能力降低得最少 ,方形孔眼的降低得最多。在孔眼形状相同的情况下 ,孔眼面积增大 ,射孔套管的抗挤能力降低。当射孔密度小于 2 0孔 /m时 ,无论采用何种布孔方式 ,除方形孔眼外 ,套管抗挤能力的降低均不会超过 4 % ;大于 2 0孔 /m时 ,射孔参数对套管抗挤能力的影响明显增加     

碱矿渣胶凝材料在快速测定烧结多孔砖抗压强度中的应用

烧结多孔砖生产质量控制和施工质量控制都要求能快速测定出烧结多孔砖抗压强度值,介绍了碱矿渣胶凝材料在快速检测烧结多孔砖抗压强度中的作用原理及应用。     

小参数高阶项对射孔段套管屈曲摄动解的影响

采用摄动法求解射孔套管的屈曲临界压力时,一般仅取小参数ε的一次项,忽略其高阶项必然对计算结果产生一定的影响。针对此问题,建立了考虑小参数二阶项影响的射孔段套管弹性屈曲近似控制方程,给出了含有ε2项影响的射孔段套管屈曲问题摄动解的一般形式;分析了小参数变化时,ε2项对射孔段套管抗挤能力系数的影响。数值计算结果表明,计算孔眼的轴向最大尺寸、布孔格式和孔密度发生变化对小参数及射孔段套管抗挤能力都有直接的影响。当计算孔眼的轴向最大尺寸小于30mm、孔密度小于40孔/m时,仅考虑ε一次项可以给出满意的结果,而不必考虑小参数高阶项的影响。     

储粮害虫声检测隔声室的设计

基于双层墙隔声和多孔吸收原理，结合储粮害虫活动声的特征，设计了一种体积为6m^3的隔声室．该隔声室利用胶合板作为双层墙壁材料，两墙壁间距离为0．08cm，外墙壁均匀穿孔，孔径为1mm，间距为1．5cm，并在支撑物上加垫较硬吸声材料组成准双重穿孔隔声结构．实验表明，在125～2000Hz的频带范围内，隔声室能均匀隔离环境噪声，平均隔声量为22dB，可满足储粮害虫活动声的频率范围和声压级要求．     

Relationship between action potential, contraction-relaxation pattern, and intracellular Ca2+ transient in cardiomyocytes of dogs with chronic heart failure

Abnormalities of contractile function have been identified in cardiomyocytes isolated from failed human hearts and from hearts of animals with experimentally induced heart failure (HF). The mechanism(s) responsible for these functional abnormalities are not fully understood. In the present study, we examined the relationship between action potential duration, pattern of contraction and relaxation, and associated intracellular Ca²⁺ transients in single cardiomyocytes isolated from the left ventricle (LV) of dogs (n = 7) with HF produced by multiple sequential intracoronary microembolizations. Comparisons were made with LV cardiomyocytes isolated from normal dogs. Action potentials were measured in isolated LV cardiomyocytes by perforated patch clamp, Ca²⁺ transients by fluo 3 probe fluorescence, and cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation by edge movement detector. HF cardiomyocytes exhibited an abnormal pattern of contraction and relaxation characterized by an attenuated initial twitch (spike) followed by a sustained contracture ('dome') of 1 to 8 s in duration and subsequent delayed relaxation. This pattern was more prominent at low stimulation rates (58% at 0.2 Hz, n = 211, 21% at 0.5 Hz, n = 185). Measurements of Ca²⁺ transients in HF cardiomyocytes at 0.2 Hz manifested a similar spike and dome configuration. The dome phase of both the contraction/relaxation pattern and Ca²⁺ transients seen in HF cardiomyocytes coincided with a sustained plateau of the action potential. Shortening of the action potential duration by administration of saxitoxin (100 nM) or lidocaine (30 μM) reduced the duration of the dome phase of both the contraction/relaxation profile as well as that of the Ca²⁺ transient profile. An increase of stimulation rate up to 1 Hz caused shortening of the action potential and disappearance of the spike-dome profile in the majority of HF cardiomyocytes. In HF cardiomyocytes, the action potential and Ca²⁺ transient duration were not significantly different from those measured in normal cells. However, the contraction-relaxation cycle was significantly longer in HF cells (314 ± 67 ms, n = 21, vs. 221 ± 38 ms, n = 46, mean ± SD), indicating impaired excitation-contraction uncou pling in HF cardiomyocytes. The results show that, in cardiomyocytes isolated from dogs with HF, contractile abnormalities and abnormalities of intracellular Ca²⁺ transients at low stimulation rates are characterized by a spike-dome configuration. This abnormal pattern appears to result from prolongation of the action potential. Received 22 January 1998; received after revision 16 March 1998; accepted 27 March 1998     

抗性消声器中穿孔板结构的声传递特性

本文利用声波在管中粘滞阻尼方面的理论,研究了存在气流时穿孔板结构的声传递特性。研究表明:穿孔板的声阻与孔板厚度、孔径、穿孔数目、声波频率和气流速度等因素有关。