花生壳生物质炭的响应面法优化制备及其对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

为探究生物质炭用于重金属废水处理的效果,选用花生壳为原料,ZnCl₂为改性剂,采用响应面优化法,得出最优生物质炭的制备条件,并探究了不同单因素对花生壳生物质炭吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)的效果.结果表明:处理含50 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)溶液,花生壳生物质炭的最优制备条件为ZnCl₂改性剂浓度4 mol/L,炭烧温度500 ℃,炭烧时间3 h,单因素实验最佳反应条件为pH=2,投加量=50 mg,此时吸附率为93.72%,且温度越高越有利于吸附.等温吸附实验符合Langmuir模型,表明吸附过程以单分子层吸附为主,属于吸热反应;动力学符合准二级方程,吸附过程中以化学吸附为主.     

文蛤蛋白水解制备抗氧化活性肽的研究

以文蛤蛋白为原料,通过蛋白酶水解制备抗氧化活性肽.利用体外清除DPPH活性评价酶解产物的抗氧化活性,采用超滤、葡聚糖凝胶柱层析和HPLC对相应的活性肽进行分离纯化,通过HPLC-MS进行结构鉴定.结果表明:木瓜蛋白酶水解产物的DPPH清除活性明显高于碱性蛋白酶、风味蛋白酶、中性蛋白酶和复合蛋白酶,产物质量浓度为1 mg·mL-1时,DPPH清除率为55.74%;以DPPH清除率为筛选指标,对木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物进行逐级分离,得到4个具有抗氧化活性的目的肽段,氨基酸序列分别为LNFNLEKSR(1120.3 u)、SWLRPR(814.4 u)、RIGNIISQY(1063.3 u)和LNFNLEK(877.2 u).     

大孔吸附树脂对花生壳总黄酮的纯化研究

目的:研究大孔吸附树脂富集纯化花生壳总黄酮.方法:以木犀草素作为考察指标,考察静态吸附量和洗脱率,筛选出最适型号树脂,比较纯化前后总黄酮和木犀草素含量的变化.结果:D101型树脂为花生壳提取液最佳精制纯化树脂,树脂纯化后总黄酮和木犀草素的含量提高4～5倍.结论:大孔吸附树脂可以用于精制纯化花生壳提取物,提高总黄酮含量.     

4种促性腺激素释放激素抗体的制备、鉴定和纯化

用3-马来酰亚胺基苯甲酸琥珀酰亚胺酯(MBS)法将人工合成的4种不同来源的促性腺激素释放激(GnRH)(即章鱼GnRH、海鞘GnRH-Ⅰ、七鳃鳗GnRH-Ⅰ和七鳃鳗GnRH-Ⅲ)分别与匙孔戚血蓝蛋白(KLH)偶联后作为抗原,免疫新西兰大白兔获得GnRH抗体.用间接ELISA方法检测抗血清效价,并用Western blot鉴定其特异性.制备抗原肽亲和纯化柱,纯化多克隆抗体.结果显示,4种多克隆抗体效价高达1∶500 000(体积比),并能和相应的GnRH多肽特异性结合,纯化后的抗体在SDS-PAGE显示为单一条带.通过上述方法,获得4种高效价、高纯度的GnRH抗体,为低等动物GnRH的研究提供了理论依据.     

基于免疫学的入侵检测系统模型

随着网络安全问题日益突出 ,入侵检测越来越受到关注 ,针对目前各种类型的防火墙和防病毒软件都存在一定的缺陷 ,该文基于仿生学的免疫原理 ,将肽链定义为在网络操作系统中由授权程序执行的系统调用短序列 ,提出了一种新型的入侵检测系统———基于免疫学的入侵检测系统 ,并对其主要功能模块 :免疫计算机和监控器进行了分析。该系统可有效地提高系统实时检测和响应入侵的能力     

调节膦对花生某些生理过程的影响及其增产作用

在花生结荚后期叶面喷施500 ppm的调节膦,能明显地提高花生荚果产量,增产率约百分之十二至百分之十五,喷期过早或浓度过高则使增产幅度下降,甚至引起减产。在喷药时期与浓度合适的情况下,不仅产量增加、百果重、百仁重提高,而且,果仁肉蛋白质及油脂的含量均有所上升,品质得到了改善。叶面喷施调节膦使光合作用得到加强,地上部的生长受到抑制,营养物质的分配与积累亦发生了变化,根/冠比及生殖体/营养体比值上升.此外,后期无效花的减少亦有利于产量的提高。     

Effects of enterally- and parenterally-administered bombesin on intestinal luminal tryptic activity and protein in the suckling rat

Summary Because of the presence of bombesin-like immunoreactivity in milk we investigated if enteral administration of bombesin affects the intestinal luminal content of trypsin and protein in 12-14-day-old rats. Bombesin (40 g/kg), given either orogastrically or subcutaneously, produced a significant elevation in the intestinal content of trypsin activity. Thus, enterally-administered bombesin can produce acute biologic effects in suckling rats.     

Synthesis ofO 1.5-(β-D-galactopyranosyl) [DMet2, Hyp5] enkephalin amide,a new highly potent analgesic enkephalin-related glycosyl peptide

Summary A new series of O-glycosyl enkephalins has been prepared, following a convergent strategy, with high chemical yields. The galactosyl analogue,O ^1.5-(-D-galactopyranosyl) [DMet², Hyp⁵] enkephalin amide proved to be one of the most potent in vivo opioid agonists synthesized up to now.     

Control of the cardiovascular system ofAplysia by identified neurons

The neural network that controls the cardiovascular system ofAplysia adapts cardiovascular function to a variety of different physiological and behavioral situations. It (1) coordinates the cardiovascular system with the renal and respiratory systems; (2) modifies both systemic and regional blood flow during food-elicited arousal and feeding; and (3) changes the tension of longitudinal vascular muscle to adapt the arterial tree to changes in body shape. Indirect evidence suggests that the cardiovascular control circuit may also play a role in maintaining homeostasis during egg laying. Several putative neurotransmitters, including acetylcholine, serotonin, R151 and R152 peptides, have been localized to identified neurons in this circuit.     

Regulatory peptide immunocytochemistry at light- and electron microscopical levels

Summary Immunocytochemical techniques applied at both light- and electron microscopical levels are valuable in the study of regulatory peptide distribution in normal and diseased tissue, whether in the form of sections or whole cell preparations. Successful immunolocalisation depends on 1) adequate preservation of the peptide antigen and the tissue structure in which it resides; 2) a suitably specific and sensitive labelled antibody detecting system. In general, peptides are stable molecules, most of which retain their antigenicity after conventional cross-linking fixation and tissue processing, allowing standard immunocytochemical methods to be used for light- and electron microscopy. Regulatory peptides are derived from precursor molecules and several families of structurally similar peptides are now generally recognised. Region-specific antibodies may be needed to overcome problems of cross-reactivity or to identify a bioactive form in the presence of its precursor. Multiple co-localisation of different related and unrelated peptides in the same cell or even storage granule is now recognised and can be identified by immunocytochemistry.