The C4-dicarboxylate transport system ofRhizobium meliloti and its role in nitrogen fixation during symbiosis with alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

TheRhizobium meliloti C₄-dicarboxylate transport (Dct) system is essential for an effective symbiosis with alfalfa plants. C₄-dicarboxylates are the major carbon source taken up by bacteroids. Genetic analysis of Dct^– mutant strains led to the isolation of thedct carrier genedctA and the regulatory genesdctB anddctD. The carrier genedctA is regulated in free-living cells by the alternative sigma factor RpoN and the two-component regulatory system DctB/D. In addition, DctA is involved in its own regulation, possibly by interacting with DctB. In bacteroids, besides the DctB/DctD system an additional symbiotic activator is thought to be involved indctA expression. Further regulation ofdctA in the free-living state is reflected by diauxic growth of rhizobia, with succinate being the preferred carbon source. The tight coupling of C₄-dicarboxylate transport and nitrogen fixation is revealed by a reduced level of C₄-dicarboxylate transport in nitrogenase negative bacteroids.     

鸡源致病性大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及药敏试验

为了解鸡源致病性大肠杆菌的生物学特性和耐药性,试验通过采集病料、细菌分离培养、16S rRNA基因鉴定、致病性试验、药敏试验等方法。结果表明:分离出的20株细菌的培养特征、镜检特征均符合大肠杆菌特征;16S rRNA基因序列经BLAST比对与大肠杆菌同源性达99.9%～100%,确定20株分离菌为鸡源大肠杆菌;20株大肠杆菌的致病力为40%～100%;10株鸡源致病性大肠杆菌对15种抗菌药物均呈现多重耐药,耐药率为33.3%～93.3%,耐药情况较严重和复杂。     

基于转录组学的绿豆改善肥胖小鼠肝脂肪变性的潜在机制

基于绿豆对高脂饲养肥胖小鼠肝脂肪变性的有效缓解作用,通过转录组学技术分析了其改善肝脂肪变性的潜在机制。结果表明,绿豆显著改善了肥胖小鼠的肝脏基因表达图谱。与模型组相比,全绿豆和去皮绿豆干预后的小鼠肝脏分别有306和461个表达量差异基因显著上调,596和1132个表达量差异基因显著下调。经KEGG功能注释分析显示,绿豆干预后引起的表达量差异基因显著注释到脂质代谢相关的通路上。KEGG通路富集分析结果表明,绿豆干预发生了以NOD样受体信号通路和Toll样受体信号通路激活为特征的功能转变,其中NOD样受体信号通路是最为显著富集的信号通路,涉及12个显著下调的表达量差异基因以反馈绿豆对小鼠肝脂肪变性的调控作用。绿豆干预后,小鼠血清中炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6水平的显著降低以及肝脏中TNF-α mRNA表达水平的显著下降也很好地支持了转录组学测序的结果。本研究旨在为阐释绿豆缓解肥胖小鼠肝脂肪变性的作用机制奠定数据基础,从而为绿豆基功能食品的开发和应用提供理论支撑。     

冀北地区传统村落记忆基因的活态测评研究 ——以蔚县传统村落为例

在《中国历史文化名镇(村)评价指标体系》和《传统村落评价认定指标体系(试行)》的基础框架上,结合集体记忆和文化基因相关理论提出记忆基因的概念,并根据实地调研数据从选址环境、格局肌理、乡土建筑、传统生活方式和传统民俗技艺五方面拟定评价指标,对冀北蔚县9个传统村落进行记忆基因的活态测评。量化分析获得以下结论:1)整体来看失活问题普遍,各村落指标活态差距明显。2)从指标层看,传统民俗技艺是影响村落记忆基因活态的核心因素,落实到具体指标中,习俗信仰延续性、空间格局完整度和村落空心化程度是影响村落记忆基因活态的主导因素。3)村落类型成为影响活态程度的典型因素。据此从要素强化、记忆存档和文化复兴三个角度提出记忆基因的留存思路和发展策略,以实现传统村落的活态传承。     

LOD score exclusion analyses for candidate disease susceptibility genes using case-parents design

The focus of almost all the association studies of candidate genes is to test for their importance. We recently developed a LOD score approach that can be used to test against the importance of candidate genes for complex diseases and quantitative traits in random samples. As a complementary method to regular association analyses, our LOD score approach is powerful but still affected by the population admixture, though it is more conservative. To control the confounding effect of population heterogeneity, we develop here a LOD score exclusion analysis using case?parents design, the basic design of the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) approach that is immune to population admixture. In the analysis, specific genetic effects and inheritance models at candidate genes can be analyzed and if a LOD score is ≤-2.0, the locus can be excluded from having an effect larger than that specified. Simulations show that this approach has reasonable power to exclude a candidate gene having small genetic effects if it is not a disease susceptibility locus (DSL) with sample size often employed in TDT studies. Similar to association analyses with the TDT in nuclear families, our exclusion analyses are generally not affected by population admixture. The exclusion analyses may be implemented to rule out candidate genes with no or minor genetic effects as supplemental analyses for the TDT. The utility of the approach is illustrated with an application to test the importance of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene underlying the differential risk to osteoporosis.     

现代生物技术与作物病虫害防治

阐述了现代生物技术与作物病虫害防治的新进展,包括用抑制雌性玉米螟产卵的化学物质杀灭欧洲玉米螟、植入苍蝇抗菌基因使作物抗病虫害、不杀益虫的人工生物大分子灭虫法以及既灭虫又环保的绿色杀虫剂等。     

基于GIS的黑龙江省洪水灾害的空间地域组合分析

本文利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术的空间定位功能和属性分析功能,将洪灾的主要孕灾因子复合叠加,结果表示.黑龙江省洪水灾害的空间地域组合的基本特征是森林覆盖率<20％;地貌形态多为平原、沼泽地或平原沼泽地;夏季降水>400mm;暴雨日>0.5日;夏季气温>17C.     

蓝细菌光系统Ⅱ的组成相关基因和遗传修饰

蓝细菌是研究光合作用的理想实验系统，在光系统Ⅱ组成，相关基因及遗传修饰等分子水平上的探索已取得重大进展，主要介绍了光系统Ⅱ反应中心蛋白复合物，天线色素蛋白复合物，细胞色素蛋白复合物，锰稳定蛋白复合物等主在蛋白成份，相关基因，以及利用分子生物学操作对蛋白组分功能的研究工作。