病原菌的群体感应及其抑制剂的研究进展

随着病原菌耐药性特别是多重耐药性的日益严重,抗菌药作用新靶点的发现和新型抗菌药物的研发显得尤为重要.病原菌的致病作用常受到与其群体密度相关的群体感应(quorum-sensing,QS)系统的调控.细菌通过释放和交换自诱导信号分子(autoinducers,AIs)以调控致病相关基因的表达,从而影响细菌的毒力、黏附和生物膜的形成等.不同种类的AIs介导不同的QS系统,阻止AIs的积累或其与受体的识别和结合就可以抑制QS调控的致病基因的表达.因此,QS抑制剂(quorum-sensing inhibitors,QSIs)有望成为控制病原菌感染和耐药性产生的有效武器.迄今发现的QSIs有非肽类小分子化合物、肽类化合物和蛋白质(包括淬灭QS的酶和抗体).此外,一些竞争性的细菌或动物也可以清除AIs从而起到QSIs的作用.QSIs可以通过天然的QSIs指示菌株、人工构建的工程菌或者计算机模拟等方法进行筛选.对QS介导的病原菌致病机理的不断深入研究将为新型的QSI靶标的选择提供帮助,通过将QSIs和传统抗菌药物联合使用有望达到更好的治疗效果并预防细菌耐药性的产生.     

冻融循环下大肠杆菌O157:H7在长春市南湖岸边水中的存活行为研究

北方地区的初春、晚秋,水体表层的夜冻昼融过程是典型特征。冻融循环过程影响水体自身理化性质,理化性质的变化对水中微生物,尤其是潜在的致病微生物的存活也会产生一定的影响。实验在室内模拟了大肠杆菌O157:H7在冻融循环条件下,在长春南湖水中的动态存活特征;并通过线性模型和Weibull模型,计算大肠杆菌O157:H7在污染水体后衰减达到最低检测限的时间(ttd);并运用多元线性回归进行相关性分析,找出影响实验菌种存活的关键因素。研究表明,南湖水的p H和氨氮与大肠杆菌O157:H7的存活相关。研究结果可为调查大肠杆菌O157:H7在湖水中的存活趋势,评估其可能带来的环境健康风险,为制定相应的环境管控措施提供科学依据。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶大肠埃希菌的临床感染分布及耐药性分析

目的-探讨医院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）大肠埃希菌的临床感染分布及耐药情况,为临床抗感染治疗合理选择抗生素、减少耐药发生提供依据。方法：收集2010年8月-2011年12月从临床送检标本中分离的大肠埃希菌264株,药敏试验采用K～B纸片扩散法。根据美国临床检验室标准化委员会（CLSI）推荐的纸片扩散法,严格按照其制定的标准进行ESBLs确证实验。采用wHONET5．4软件进行统计学分析。结果：264株大肠埃希菌中检出134株（50．8％）产ESBLs大肠埃希菌,标本分布以痰标本最高（47．76％）,而科室分布以普外科最高（12．61％）。在药敏实验中,产ESBLs菌株对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、阿米卡星、哌拉西林／他唑巴坦、呋喃妥因、头孢西丁的耐药性较低（0％。15．5％）：环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、复方新诺明,阿莫西林／克拉维酸的耐药性较高（41.3％～82．8％）;青霉素类、头孢菌素类及ATM耐药性高（100％）,临床不宜选用。结论：产ESBLs大肠埃希菌存在多重耐药性,临床实验室应加强产ESBLs菌株的监测,根据,临床药敏结果合理选用抗生素。     

The Escherichia coli O157:H7 DNA detection on a gold nanoparticle-enhanced piezoelectric biosensor

This paper presents development of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor for real-time de- tection of E. coli O157:H7 DNA based on nanogold particles amplification. Many inner Au nanoparticles were immobilized onto the thioled surface of the Au electrode, then more specific thiolated sin- gle-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes could be fixed through Au-SH bonding. The hybridization was in- duced by exposing the ssDNA probe to the complementary target DNA of E. coli O157:H7 gene eaeA, then resulted in a mass change and corresponding frequency shifts ( △f ) of the QCM. The outer avidin-coated Au nanoparticles could combine with the target DNA to increase the mass. The electro- chemical techniques, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were adopted to manifest and character each step. The target DNA corresponding to 2.0×103 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL E. coli O157:H7 cells can be detected by this biosensor, so it is practical to develop a sensitive and effective QCM biosensor for pathogenic bacteria detection based on specific DNA analy- sis. The piezoelectric biosensing system has potential for further applications, such as food safety and environment monitoring, and this approach lays the groundwork for incorporating the method into an integrated system for in-field bacteria detection.     

远程氧等离子体对大肠杆菌的灭菌效果与机理研究

采用Langmuir双电子探针和电子自旋共振诊断技术分别定量测定了远程氧等离子体场中各活性物种的分布.考察了远程氧等离子体对医用聚四氟乙烯表面大肠杆菌的灭活作用,并通过对灭菌后菌悬液蛋白质泄漏量、脂质过氧化物生成量及细菌DNA电泳图的测定分析了其灭菌机理.结果表明:远程氧等离子体中的电子、离子浓度随远程距离的增大迅速降低,30 cm后接近于0,而自由基浓度则相对降低缓慢,40 cm处仍为初始浓度的70%;远程氧等离子体60 s内的灭菌效果值在放电区可高达3.42,在远程距离40 cm以内也均在3.32以上,符合消毒灭菌的要求;电子、离子对细菌细胞膜的快速刻蚀及自由基对胞膜中多价不饱和脂肪酸的攻击分别是放电区及远程30cm后灭菌的主要原因.氧等离子体中紫外光的灭菌效果微弱.     

Functional genomics in the rice blast fungus to unravel the fungal pathogenicity

A rapidly growing number of successful genome sequencing projects in plant pathogenic fungi greatly increase the demands for tools and methodologies to study fungal pathogenicity at genomic scale. Magnaporthe oryzae is an economically important plant pathogenic fungus whose genome is fully sequenced. Recently we have reported the development and application of functional genomics platform technologies in M. oryzae. This model approach would have many practical ramifications in design and implementation of upcoming functional genomics studies of filamentous fungi aimed at understanding fungal pathogenicity.     

Sensing Escherichia coli O157：H7 via frequency shift through a self-assembled monolayer based QCM immunosensor

By means of the specific immuno-recognition and ultra-sensitive mass detection, a quartz crystal microbalance （QCM） biosensor for Escherichia coli O157：H7 detection was developed in this work. As a suitable surfactant, 16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid （MHDA） was introduced onto the Au surface of QCM, and then self-assembled with N-hydroxysuccinimide （NHS） raster as a reactive intermediate to provide an active interface for the specific antibody immobilization. The binding of target bacteria with the immobilized antibodies decreased the sensor＇s resonant frequency, and the frequency shift was correlated to the bacterial concentration. The stepwise assembly of the immunosensor was characterized by means of the electrochemical techniques. Using the immersion-dry-immersion procedure, this QCM biosensor could detect 2.0×10^2 colony forming units （CFU）/ml E. coli O157：H7. In order to reduce the fabrication time, a polyelectrolyte layer-by-layer self-assembly （LBL-SA） method was adopted for fast construction. Finally, the reproducibility of this biosensor was discussed.     

yigP——大肠杆菌生长所必需的基因

yigP基因在大肠杆菌基因组上位于辅酶Q生物合成相关基因ubiE和ubiB之间,3者构成一个操纵子。利用温敏质粒pMAK705系统敲除大肠杆菌基因组上的yigP基因后,发现二次重组子内的温敏质粒无法通过高温培养丢失,即染色体上的yigP基因被敲除后,必须依靠质粒上完整的yigP基因才能存活;通过功能回补yigP基因的表...     

病原芽胞杆菌几丁质酶产生菌的筛选与活性鉴定

通过特异引物PCR方法和水解圈活性法对62株苏云金芽胞杆菌菌株、26株蜡状芽胞杆菌菌株及18株球形芽胞杆菌菌株进行了几丁质酶产生菌的筛选.所测苏云金芽胞杆菌中除4株野生型菌株外均为阳性结果,蜡状芽胞杆菌仅1株为阴性结果,球形芽胞杆菌全为阴性结果,且水解圈法观察结果与PCR检测结果一致.在此基础上,通过DNS比色法对几丁质酶产生菌株的几丁质酶比活力也进行了测定.对这些具有致病性的病原芽胞杆菌几丁质酶的研究对于研究其致病机理及对其进行遗传改良具有重要的理论和实际应用价值.     

30种植物提取物对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌抑制作用研究

利用索氏抽提乙醇回流法获得30种植物的乙醇提取物,用滤纸圆片法分析各种植物提取物对大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌两种细菌的抑制活性.结果表明,在30种植物提取物中,有14种对大肠杆菌的生长有抑制作用,有21种植物提取物对枯草芽孢杆菌的生长有抑制作用.其中,泽漆提取物对大肠杆菌的抑制作用最强,黄花蒿次之,且提取物抑制作用随浓度的...