竹＋草植被恢复模式斑块特点及其干扰分析

苦竹＋牛鞭草退耕种植5年后，苦竹与牛鞭草呈斑块分布状态．调查分析表明：牛鞭草中的苦竹斑块受人为影响较大，表现出斑块数量、斑块密度和边界密度均大于苦竹林中的牛鞭草斑块，斑块分维数则小于苦竹林中的牛鞭草斑块；而苦竹林中牛鞭草的生长受苦竹林所围成的斑块分维数、边界密度的增大和面积的减小影响逐渐消失；苦竹林中有牛鞭草分布的最小斑块面积在2．4～6．2m2之间，具体需视斑块分维数和边界密度大小而定．本调查分析在一定程度上可为现实的竹斑块、草斑块的经营管理布局提供参考．     

Melittin Makes “Ion Channel” on the Membrane of Cells

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＭｅｌｉｔｉｎｉｓａｍａｊｏｒｐｒｏｔｅｉｎｉｎｔｈｅｖｅｎｏｍｏｆｔｈｅＥｕｒｏｐｅａｎｈｏｎｎｙｂｅｅ，ＡｐｉｓＭｅｌｉｆｅｒａ．Ｉｔｉｓａｐｅｐｔｉｄｅｗｉｔｈ２６ａｍｉｎｏａｃｉｄｓ，ａｎｄａｎＭＷｏｆ２８５０．Ｔｈｅ...     

轮胎接触面对车－简支梁桥耦合振动的影响

现有分析车一桥耦合振动的研究中,都假设移动车辆与路面的接触关系为点接触．事实上,轮胎与路面是通过面接触的,通过建立新的三维车轮模型,分析了面接触对车一桥耦合振动的影响,将车轮与路面的接触面简化为长方形,通过接触面间的位移协调条件和力相互作用建立车一桥耦合振动方程,同时还研究了接触面对车一桥耦合振动的影响。     

一种改进的补丁比较模型的研究与实现

补丁比较技术可以定位程序补丁前后的差异,在漏洞发掘、病毒变种分析等领域得到了广泛的应用。以结构化比较技术为基础,建立了层次化的补丁比较模型IPCTM(Improved Patch Comparison Technique Model);改进了固定点传播算法,提出了一种针对错误匹配的修正机制;设计了控制流图重构和代码辅助匹配策略,增加了对未配对函数和基本块的补充处理。实验结果表明,IPCTM能够准确识别语义变动,消除部分非语义变动带来误差,有效减少了后续分析的工作量。     

C-peptide fragments stimulate glucose utilization in diabetic rats

Studies of C-peptide cellular effects show that not only the full-length native peptide but also specific C-terminal fragments are biologically active in in vitro systems. In the present study, the effect of five C-peptide fragments and the native peptide on whole-body glucose turnover was studied in streptozotocin diabetic rats using the insulin clamp technique. Insulin was infused intravenously at 18 pmol kg^–1 min^–1 for 90 min and blood glucose concentration was clamped at 8 and 4 mM in diabetic and non-diabetic animals. A steady state was reached during the last 30 min of the study period. Rat C-peptide II and fragments comprising residues 27–31 and 28–31 were effective in augmenting glucose turnover in diabetic rats (+100% to 150%), while no significant effects were seen for segments 1–26, 11–19 and 11–15. The metabolic clearance rate for glucose during infusion of C-peptide or fragments 27–31 and 28–31 in diabetic rats was similar to that seen in non-diabetic animals. We conclude that C-terminal tetra- and pentapeptides, but not fragments from the middle segment of C-peptide, are as effective as the full-length peptide in stimulating whole-body glucose turnover in diabetic rats.Received 18 December 2003; received after revision 19 January 2004; accepted 21 January 2004     

Relationship between action potential, contraction-relaxation pattern, and intracellular Ca2+ transient in cardiomyocytes of dogs with chronic heart failure

Abnormalities of contractile function have been identified in cardiomyocytes isolated from failed human hearts and from hearts of animals with experimentally induced heart failure (HF). The mechanism(s) responsible for these functional abnormalities are not fully understood. In the present study, we examined the relationship between action potential duration, pattern of contraction and relaxation, and associated intracellular Ca²⁺ transients in single cardiomyocytes isolated from the left ventricle (LV) of dogs (n = 7) with HF produced by multiple sequential intracoronary microembolizations. Comparisons were made with LV cardiomyocytes isolated from normal dogs. Action potentials were measured in isolated LV cardiomyocytes by perforated patch clamp, Ca²⁺ transients by fluo 3 probe fluorescence, and cardiomyocyte contraction and relaxation by edge movement detector. HF cardiomyocytes exhibited an abnormal pattern of contraction and relaxation characterized by an attenuated initial twitch (spike) followed by a sustained contracture ('dome') of 1 to 8 s in duration and subsequent delayed relaxation. This pattern was more prominent at low stimulation rates (58% at 0.2 Hz, n = 211, 21% at 0.5 Hz, n = 185). Measurements of Ca²⁺ transients in HF cardiomyocytes at 0.2 Hz manifested a similar spike and dome configuration. The dome phase of both the contraction/relaxation pattern and Ca²⁺ transients seen in HF cardiomyocytes coincided with a sustained plateau of the action potential. Shortening of the action potential duration by administration of saxitoxin (100 nM) or lidocaine (30 μM) reduced the duration of the dome phase of both the contraction/relaxation profile as well as that of the Ca²⁺ transient profile. An increase of stimulation rate up to 1 Hz caused shortening of the action potential and disappearance of the spike-dome profile in the majority of HF cardiomyocytes. In HF cardiomyocytes, the action potential and Ca²⁺ transient duration were not significantly different from those measured in normal cells. However, the contraction-relaxation cycle was significantly longer in HF cells (314 ± 67 ms, n = 21, vs. 221 ± 38 ms, n = 46, mean ± SD), indicating impaired excitation-contraction uncou pling in HF cardiomyocytes. The results show that, in cardiomyocytes isolated from dogs with HF, contractile abnormalities and abnormalities of intracellular Ca²⁺ transients at low stimulation rates are characterized by a spike-dome configuration. This abnormal pattern appears to result from prolongation of the action potential. Received 22 January 1998; received after revision 16 March 1998; accepted 27 March 1998     

架空输电线紧线器的可靠性设计

本文对大负荷容量架空输电线紧线器设计中的可靠性问题作了深入讨论.对紧线器的结构与受力状态作了计算分析,并对所用铝合金材料进行了低循环疲劳、断裂及裂纹扩展速率等一系列力学性质的试验研究.采用有限元法和应变电测法,确定了紧线器钳体的应变幅值及高应变区域.对于这些区域按局部应力应变法进行了寿命估算,在此基础上改进了设计,将最高应变幅控制在许用应变幅以内,考察了钳体的损伤容限,使紧线器安全可靠性能得到充分保证,其重量也大幅度减轻.     

膜片钳仪的低噪声设计

本文研制的PC-Ⅰ型膜片钳可以分辨细胞膜上离子单通道电流信号(1pA,10kHz).在分析PC-Ⅰ原理的基础上讨论了其抑制噪声、扩展频带、输入杂散电容和输入电阻的补偿技术.给出了PC-Ⅰ的1GΩ/0.1GΩ探头内用机械开关切换对杂散电容敏感的高阻值反馈电阻的有效方法。在信噪比足够高的条件下,仪器的测量误差≤2％。     

一类有效的板弯曲单元

鉴于Ｉｒｏｎｓ的分片检验条件，在修正势能泛函中引入更一般的广义协调概念，可以推出两种简单易行的板弯曲单元。这类单元总能通过分片检验，而且可以以较少的自由度获得较高的计算精度。     

从发明先进医学设备获诺贝尔医学奖中得到的启示

百年来的诺贝尔生理或医学奖中,因发明先进的仪器设备而获诺贝尔医学奖共有四次,它们是:1924年爱因托芬(荷兰)发明了心电图机;1979年科马克(美国)亨斯菲尔德(英国)发明了电脑辅助X线断层摄影(CT);1980年内尔(德国)萨克曼(德国)发明了应用膜片钳技术;2003年比德.曼斯菲尔德(英国)和保罗.劳特布尔在核磁共振成像技术领域的突破性成就。这些先进的仪器设备的发明对人类的科学与文明的贡献是巨大的,我们从多方面可以得到深刻的启示[1]。