Survey of nutrients and quality assessment of crab paste by 1H NMR spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis

Crab paste is a traditional and popular food for people in the coastal area of China.Visual inspection is currently the only method of quality assessment.We developed a new analytical method of a comprehensive survey of nutrients and quality assessment for crab paste based on a combination of 1 H NMR spectroscopy with multivariate data analysis.The aqueous extract of crab paste was dominated by amino acids,sugars,carboxylic acids,nucleotides and amines(including 19 first-time-reported compounds such as choline,uracil and guanosine).Two grades of crab paste had significant compositional differences in terms of amino acids,lactate,N-acetylglutamate,choline,dimethylamine,uridine,1-methylnicotinamide and 2-pyridienmethanol.These results provided important information on the grade-dependence of crab-paste composition,and demonstrated that NMR-MDA was effective not only for the comprehensive survey of nutrients,but also for quality assessment of crab paste.     

膏体增稠剂底流固相分数和屈服应力的循环变化行为

The trouble-free and efficient operation of paste thickeners requires an optimal design and the cooperation of each component. When underflow discharging is suspended, alleviating the vast torque that the remaining solids within the thickeners may place on rakes mainly lies in the circulation unit. The mechanism of this unit was analyzed, and a mathematical model was developed to describe the changes in underflow solid content and yield stress. The key parameters of the circulation unit, namely, the height and flow rate, were varied to test its performance in the experiments with a self-designed laboratorial thickening system. Results show that the circulation unit is valid in reducing underflow solid fraction and yield stress to a reasonable extent, and the model could be used to describe its efficiency at different heights and flow rates. A suitable design and application of the circulation unit contributes to a cost-effective operation of paste thickeners.     

脉冲频率对铌表面熔盐电沉积渗硅的影响

采用熔盐脉冲电沉积法在纯铌表面制备出渗硅层。研究了脉冲频率对渗硅层沉积速率、成分、厚度、组织及相结构的影响,同时考察了渗硅层的高温抗氧化性。结果表明,频率对渗硅层成分无影响。随频率增大,渗硅层厚度和沉积速率均减小。频率由500 Hz增大到1 000 Hz时,渗硅层晶粒变得细小致密;超过1 000 Hz后,晶粒则变得粗大。渗硅层相结构不受频率影响,均由单相NbSi₂组成,并在(110)和(200)晶面上具有择优取向。NbSi₂渗层的存在使得纯铌的高温抗氧化性能得以提高。     

番茄酱生产中HACCP系统的应用

本文运用ＨＡＣＣＰ管理系统，在番茄酱生产过程中对可能产生食品污染的各种危害因素进行分析，确定关键控制点，制订出相应的预防控制措施，保证产品质量及卫生安全，以提高产品的出口合格率。     

聚氯乙烯增塑糊流变行为研究——Ⅲ、稀释剂和分散剂的影响

以石油溶剂为稀释剂,4-甲基-2-戊酮(Ⅰ)和2-乙氧基乙醇(Ⅱ)为分散剂,研究了不同PVC树脂增塑糊的粘度特征。结果表明,由于PVC是极性聚合物,分散剂的分散效果主要决定于它的极性,Ⅰ的分散效果优于Ⅱ。若PVC含有聚氧乙烯基型表面活性剂,其糊用PVC树脂颗粒能较好地分散。     

水化早期水泥净浆电导的特征及与凝结时间相关性的研究

通过测定硅酸盐类水泥净浆在水化早期的电导,获知各样品净浆的电导变化均有共同的特点,笔者将水泥净浆电导在水化早期的变化划分为五个阶段,各阶段均能用水化机理或仪器特点进行解释.实验结果表明,水泥净浆电导在水化早期的极值点LK对应的时间TLK与净浆的初、终凝时间存在良好的相关性.     

实用型高T_c超导YBCO线材及器件的研究

陶瓷线材成型的关键之一是选择合适的增塑剂。本研究表明,十八烯-9-酸,即油酸是高T_CYBCO超导粉末成型的优良增塑剂。ESR谱及IR谱均证实油酸在常温时能与YBa_2Cu_3O_(7-δ)中的Y,Ba,Cu的离子反应,同时生成油酸铜配合物等有机盐,高温烧结后可全部分解挥发,在增塑挤压线材中掺入3wt-％-5wt-％的Ag粉,对缓解Y系超导体水解,长时间稳定J_C,降低线材表面电阻等方面起到良好效果。优化线材成型工艺使线材J_C达到800～1000A/cm~2,可满足弱电应用要求。在解决了挤压线材的焊接问题后,已初步试制成R.F.SQUID简易闭合磁通变换器以及小天线。     

一种超细粉料的减水性

针对辽宁省建设科学研究院自行研制开发的一种复合超细粉料,水泥流动度对比试验证明,此种复合超细粉料较所选择的其他几种外加剂(化学减水剂,LJ1外加剂,LJ2外加剂等)减水效果好;扫描电子显微镜分析证明,掺这种复合超细粉料的硬化水泥浆体结构比纯硬化水泥浆体结构致密·从理论上分析了该超细粉料的减水机理,并给出粉料粒径的适宜范围:1～3μm·     

牛顿粘滞定律中粘滞系数两种推导方法

给出气体处于非平衡态时，输运过程中的牛顿粘滞定律、粘滞系数及其物理意义，着重从微观角度给出粘滞系数两种较简便推导方法．     

Voltammetric determination of estrogens based on the enhancement effect of surfactant at carbon paste electrode

Highly sensitive voltammetric method for the determination of estrogens, based on the enhancement effect of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) has been described. In the presence of CTAB, the oxidation peak currents of estrogens (estradiol, estrone, estriol, estradiol valerate and diethylstilbestrol) as the carbon paste electrode (CPE) increased significantly after open-circuit accumulation. The peak current was proportional to the concentration of estradiol over the range from 5×10⁻⁹ to 2.5×10⁻⁶ mol·L⁻¹. The detection limit was 8×10⁻¹⁰ mol·L⁻¹ at 6 min of accumulation. The total amounts of estrogens in the blood serums were determined and the average recovery was 104.92%. Under the conditions used, the electrode process of estradiol was examined the mechanism for peak current enhancement was also discussed. Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60171023) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (99J060) Biography: Wu Kang-bing(1977-), male, Ph.D. candidate. research direction: bioelectrochemistry.