水体有毒有机污染物的危害及优先控制污染物

介绍了水体有毒有机污染物的主要种类及其来源、危害 ,综述了目前国内外对其危害的研究成果 ,以及国内外优先控制污染物的确定 .     

脉冲电晕技术降低柴油机微粒排放的实验研究

利用线－筒式荷电装置和高压窄脉冲电源来降低柴油机的微粒排放，分析了不同电源电压和脉冲频率下排气微粒的脱除效率，并在不同转速和负荷下进行了实验研究。研究结果表明，电源电压和脉冲频率是影响微粒脱除效率的两个主要因素，其中电源电压是最主要的影响因素，利用脉冲电晕放电降低柴油机的微粒排放效率明显的，是一种很有发展前途的控制尾气排放的新技术。     

PM10治理措施有效性的灰色关联评价及实证分析

大气环境是一个复杂的、多因素相互作用的开放系统。区域大气环境受整个大气环境影响的同时,更与区域内经济发展水平、工业布局、环境治理实效等因素密切相关。如何有效地监测和控制大气环境中的PM10污染,已经成为全球及区域大气环境治理的重点和难点。PM10在时间、空间和数量上的不确定性以及大气治理措施的不稳定性等系列特征,使大气治理措施与PM10在区域环境中的分布和运动现状构成了一个灰色关联系统。首次将斜率关联分析法应用于PM10治理措施有效性的评价,并实证分析重庆市“九五”期间各大气环境治理措施与PM10污染的相对有效性。     

Simultaneously catalytic removal of NO<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> and particulate matter on diesel particulate filter

Diesel engines combine a high fuel economy with high durability and low maintenance costs and are, there-fore, used on a large scale for transportation purposes.However, the environmental pollution by diesel-engine exhausts has become more and more serious in the lastdecade, and currently the regulation of diesel emissions becomes tightened especially with respect to nitrogen ox-ides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM). Since the reduc-tion of both NOx and PM to the admitted level cannot be …     

Regional patterns of particulate spectral absorption in the Pearl River estuary

Knowledge about the spectral absorption properties of marine particulate matters is of important signification for various goals of optical oceanography, among them the most concerns are the bio-optical algorithms for ocean color remote sensing[1], basic theory of light radiative transfer in water column[2], bio-optical models for estima-tion of primary productivity and simulation of the upper ocean ecological process[3,4]. The spectral absorption by marine particulate matter is combined influe…     

Elemental composition of aerosols collected in the glacier area on Nyainqêntanglha Range, Tibetan Plateau, during summer monsoon season

In order to investigate the elemental composition in atmospheric aerosols and its sources in the glacier area over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), seven totally suspended particle samples were collected continuously at the col of the Zhadang glacier (30°28′N,90°39′E,5800 m a.s.l.), Nyainqêntanglha Range, southern TP, from June to October 2006. Twenty-seven elements (Li, Be, B, Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ga, As, Rb, Sr, Y, Cd, Cs, Ba, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th, U) were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The result indicates that the concentrations of most elements (especially crustal elements) are lower than values at the Nam Co Station during the same period of 2005, and also much lower than other sites in the TP such as Wudaoliang and Waliguan. This suggests that elemental compositions of aerosols in the Zhadang glacier area may represent the background levels of the middle/upper troposphere over the TP. Crustal enrichment factors (EFs) reveal that several elements (e.g. B, Zn, As, Cd, Pb and Bi) may have anthropogenic sources. The southern TP is mainly influenced by the summer Indian monsoon during the sampling period. Backward air mass trajectory analysis suggests that air masses in the region may originate from South Asia. Therefore, anthropogenic pollutants from South Asia may be transported by the summer Indian monsoon to the region which clearly affects the atmospheric environment in the southern TP during the summer monsoon season.     

燃烧过程中铅颗粒粒径分布的实验研究

使用高3.4m、内径0.15m的一维炉实验台,对燃烧中铅颗粒的粒径分布进行了实验研究。铅元素以醋酸铅溶液的形式通过空气雾化引入到燃烧液化石油气的炉膛中。使用切割粒径从0.48～12.63μm的8级Andersen撞击器和切割粒径从0.030～10.0μm的12级静电低压撞击器(ELPI)进行采样,同时对铅颗粒物的质量浓度粒径分布和数量浓度粒径分布进行了测量。使用场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对铅颗粒微观形貌进行了观察。结果表明,在质量方面,铅颗粒主要集中在亚微米区间,质量浓度的峰值在0.2～0.6μm之间;在数量方面,铅颗粒主要集中在0.03～0.4μm区间,数量浓度的峰值在0.2～0.3μm之间。     

武汉市空气污染物长期变化规律研究

搜集了武汉市2006年~2013年8a间的PM10和气态污染物(包括SO2、NO2、NO、CO和O3)质量浓度监测数据.利用基于Loess的季节趋势分解和窗口滑动平均等时间序列分析方法提取了各种监测指标的长期趋势、季节变化和周变化规律.结果表明,武汉市PM10历经了6a的缓慢下降后于2012年后开始急剧上升,SO2出现明显的下降趋势,其他污染物在2013年之前呈现出小幅上升或基本稳定的趋势,2013年有明显上升;季节规律方面,PM10、SO2、NOX和CO都表现出冬季高夏季低的变化特征,O3则呈现相反的变化特征,另外每年4月PM10会出现一个小高峰现象;PM10表现出明显的周变化规律,呈现出以周三为谷值周六为峰值的周期性变化,而其他气态污染物基本没有明显的周变化规律.     

黄渤海悬浮颗粒物散射特性研究

【目的】研究悬浮颗粒物的散射特性,用以描述水体固有光学特性。【方法】利用2014年11月黄渤海海区航测数据,分别选取555nm和532nm作为参考波长,建立悬浮颗粒物散射及后向散射的光谱模型,并对模型拟合效果进行检验;此外,还建立了悬浮颗粒物散射参数与水体组分浓度的关系模型。【结果】模型验证结果表明:光谱模型的平均相对误差绝对值(MAPE)分别在60%和35%以内;散射参数与悬浮颗粒物质量浓度模型MAPE的最小值仅为15.0%。【结论】黄渤海颗粒物散射特性主要由非藻类颗粒物主导。     

大气悬浮颗粒中一些微量金属元素的测定方法

应用硝酸十氢氟酸＋Ｈ＿２Ｏ＿２体系和高压密封罐技术消解大气悬浮颗粒物样品。并采用不锈钢缝管与火焰原子吸收相结合的分析方法，对样品中的Ｚｎ，Ｐｂ和Ｃｄ进行测定，提高灵敏度１．２～３．４倍。对Ｃｕ，Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｏ和Ｍｇ采用常规火焰原子吸收法进行测定。同时利用微量脉冲进样技术，使得样品消解后定容的体积由原来的５０ｍＬ减少到１０ｍＬ。从而在相同灵敏度条件下，使采样时间由１０ｈ缩短到２ｈ．该方法对各测定元素的相对标准偏差均小于７％，平均回收率为８５．９％～１０３．６％。