Organic geochemical studies of sinking particulate material in China sea area II

Conclusions We have for the first time studied the compositions of ketone, aldehyde and alcohol lipid compounds in sinking particulate materials from Yongshu Reef lagoon and the continental shelf of the East China Sea collected by sediment trap sampling apparatus. The results indicate that sinking particulate materials contain abundant isoprenoid ketone, aldehyde and alcohol lipid compounds which take part in marine chemical cycling. The compositional features of these compounds show that sinking particulate organic matter mainly comes from autochthonous marine organisms and Yongshu Reef lagoon has more submerged macrophytes-derived component, while the continental shelf of the East China Sea contains more dinoflagellate-derived constituent. The contribution of higher land plant to sinking particulate organic matter may be very small. In contrast, it is greater in Yongshu Reef lagoon than that in the continental shelf of the East China Sea. Sinking particulate organic matter in the two regions undergoes strong biochemical transformation processes before reaching the depth of 5 m to the sea floor, and its intensity is greater in Yongshu Reef lagoon than in the continental shelf of the East China Sea. These results have certain reference value to the researches of marine chemistry, marine biology and marine sedimentology in China, and reveal the importance of organic geochemistry to the study of oceanology.     

我国污染生态学的研究进展

本文对我国近年来在污染生态学方面的研究进行了概括性综述,既涉及污染生态学不同层次的基础理论研究,又包括污染生态学的应用研究,并对污染生态学在我国未来的发展作了展望。     

催化降解水中有机污染物生成CO2的测定

设计了一套简易的装置和改进的方法来检测催化降解有机污染物过程中最终矿化所产生二氧化碳的量.利用四氮杂卟啉铁(FePz(dtn)4)负载在离子交换树脂上来活化分子氧降解了水中难降解的有机污染物--对硝基苯甲酸(NBA).采用饱和的氢氧化钡溶液来吸收有机物降解反应中所产生的二氧化碳,同时用沉淀分离滴定法来测定生成二氧化碳的量,即可计算出有机污染物降解的矿化率,其方法误差为4.2%.实验表明:在可见光光照7h后,对硝基苯甲酸碱性溶液中的矿化率可达到11.3%.     

膜生物反应器对污染物的去除效果及运行条件的研究现状

膜生物反应器是一种新型、高效的水处理工艺，近年来在水处理方面得到了广泛的关注和应用。对其在污水处理中污染物的去除效果及操作条件对去除效果的影响等方面进行了论述，展望了其未来良好的发展前景。     

压力对颗粒增强铝与碳基材料摩擦系数的影响

用自行研制的盘块式高速摩擦试验机,在滑动速度为30 m/s、法向载荷范围为0.1～0.8 MPa的条件下,试验观察了法向载荷对碳化硅颗粒增强6061铝复合材料与碳基材料摩擦系数的影响.结果表明:摩擦系数存在显著的压力依赖行为和摩擦过程初期的时间过渡行为.在相对稳定阶段,摩擦系数的统计平均值随法向载荷增大经历先快速增大后缓慢减小,标准偏差与法向载荷的关系也显示出类似的变化趋势.所有连续摩擦过程的初期,摩擦系数都经历一个从小到大的过渡变化,而过渡期的时间随着法向载荷的增大单调下降.     

软锰矿治理NOx污染并生产高附加值产品的热力学理论分析

应用同时平衡原理 ,对软锰矿治理NOx 污染并生产高附加值产品的新工艺吸收过程和净化过程进行了热力学分析 ,分别绘制了Mn NOx H2 O系的E pH曲线 ,及Ca2 、Mg2 、Fe3 、Al3 的磷酸盐净化曲线 ,分析结果与试验结果能很好地吻合 .     

串联盘式管道连续输送机直线段力学静态分析

串联盘式管道连续输送机主要运输散状物料，这些散状物料可以被看成散粒体，在静态下，管道，串联盘及散状物料相互作用的状态，相当于圆柱形容器中装着散状物料；利用柱坐标及散粒体的力学性质，主要对串联盘式管道连续输送机中间承载段的散状货载静态条件下的力学进行分析；得知，随着装载物料深度的增加，物料的径向及轴向压应力呈指数增加，当物料深度达到一定值时，两应力趋于稳定值。     

SiC颗粒增强铁基复合材料的现状及展望

Si C颗粒增强铁基复合材料是一种新型结构材料 ,具有很高的实用价值 ,但在复合过程和复合效果方面尚存在不少有待解决的问题。文章对用粉末冶金法制备 Si C颗粒增强铁基复合材料工艺及性能进行了阐述 ,讨论了复合过程中有关基体合金化、基体与增强相的结合界面、Si C表面处理和 Si C含量对材料性能的影响等问题 ,并指出了进一步的研究方向     

纳米TiO2光催化降解技术在污水处理方面的研究进展

光催化技术是一种新兴的高效节能现代污水处理技术,目前还处于实验研究阶段.本文综述了TiO2光催化降解水中有机物技术的近况,讨论了催化剂颗粒度、pH值、表面改性、载体、外加氧化剂对其光催化活性的影响,还概述了有机物结构及其它因素与降解效果的关系.     

Suspended particulate matter in Jiaozhou Bay： Properties and variations in response to hydrodynamics and pollution

Based on water samples collected and observations of currents, tidal levels as well as turbidities taken, respectively over a period of 15 and 7 d, in southwestern Jiaozhou Bay on August, 2001, it was found that: ( i ) the average content of non mineral component amounted to 87% of the suspended sediment matter (SPM) in Jiaozhou Bay,much higher than in estuaries and bays where turbidity is high and mineral particulates dominates; (ii) in contrast to high turbid bays, SPM was generally coarser than bed deposits and in upper water column than in lower water column in Jiaozhou Bay; (iii) in fair weathers, suspended sediment concentration (SPC) varied regularly within tidal cycles and neap-spring cycles, but the regularity was deformed in storms; and (iv) SPC was controlled by settling/resuspension near the bed and by advection at the surface at the study site with a depth of 20 m, suggesting weak vertical exchanges. It was concluded that SPM property of a low turbid bay is sensitive to pollution, and that the maintenance of low turbidity in the bay depends on less SPM supply, low waves and currents, and controlling on discharge of particulate pollutants.