越南枯死松树症状特征和体内寄生线虫种类调查

为确定造成越南松林的枯死是否为松材线虫所为,对越南南部的林同省、中部的承天-顺化省、北部的广宁省的思茅松(Pinus kesiya Royle)、马尾松(P. massoniana Lamb.)和南亚松(P. merkusii jungh et de Vries)松树枯死现象及症状特点进行了调查,分别从52株枯死、濒死、健康松树木质部中抽取木质部样品,进行线虫分离,根据形态学特点确定这些松树体内寄生线虫的种类。调查发现松树在枯死过程中,树冠部分针叶失去光泽,逐渐褪绿变黄,进而褐红干枯,最后整个树冠变为褐色或红褐色,全株枯死,针叶下垂且当年不落; 随着病程的发展,松脂分泌逐渐减少,直至停止; 树干上有天牛产卵刻槽,死亡的松树上有天牛的羽化孔。在抽取的松树样品中分离鉴定到了泰国伞滑刃线虫(Bursaphelenchus thailandae)、悬臂伞滑刃线虫(B. gerberae)、中华伞滑刃线虫(B. sinensis)、树木伞滑刃线虫(B. silvestris)、托斯卡纳伞滑刃线虫(B. tusciae)、莱奴尔夫伞滑刃线虫(B. rainulfi)、云杉小蠹伞滑刃线虫(B. rufipennis)和伞滑刃属线虫未定种(B. sp.),调查中未发现重要检疫性病原松材线虫(B. xylophilus)。     

基于CdV/dt现象分析的功率MOS管建模

为了改善功率MOS管及其驱动电路在高频开关状态下,功耗与可靠性等性能上的恶化问题,分析了此类电路中由于CdV/dt现象所导致的寄生效应.首先考虑功率MOS管及驱动电路的主要寄生参数,详细分析了CdV/dt现象产生的机理.在此基础上,采用状态方程的建模方法,提取关键电压与电流参数作为状态变量,建立并有效验证了一种功率MOS管的数学分析模型.通过对此模型的仿真,发现CdV/dt现象会带来栅极耦合电压、穿通电流、漏极振荡等不良寄生效应.同时对各种寄生参数与效应间的关系进行了分析.最后,根据仿真分析结果,给出了电路的优化设计方法.实际电路的测试结果证明,该功率MOS管模型与驱动电路的优化方法在CdV/dt现象分析与改善上具有明显作用.     

关于矩形电极AT切石英谐振器寄生振动的抑制分析

文中考虑厚度一切变波（ＴＳ波）与厚度─扭曲波（ＴＴ３波）的耦合模型，计入电极质量负载和压电效应的影响．注意矩形有限电极和电学短路的边界条件，按照确定弹性波特性的方程组，计算了ＡＴ切石英谐振器的频谱分布．分析了寄生振动随谐振器参数不同的变化机制，并与实验数据进行了比较，得到了吻合的结果．     

深孔内径的在线精密测量原理及系统

针对深孔零件内径测量精度要求高、测量空间受限的问题,利用机械测量转换机构和电感位移传感器,研制了一种深孔内径在线精密测量装置。首先对测量转换机构进行力学分析,推导出影响该机构测量精度的主要因素,然后提出一种针对该装置系统的误差补偿方法,并搭建了在线测量平台,最后将测量装置安装在自动化生产线上,在工作状态下对某已标定深孔内径尺寸的工件进行多次重复测量实验,根据六西格玛理论对该测量系统进行统计学分析。分析结果表明:为了提高系统的测量精度和动态特性,转换机构设计时应该选择较大的刚性比和合理的簧片高度,以保证较小的寄生转角和较大的固有频率。实验结果表明:测量系统偏倚为0.02μm,测量极差为2μm,测量精度为3μm。该装置具有结构简单、测量精度高的优点,能够满足深孔内径在线测量要求。     

混联ISD悬架寄生阻尼和附加刚度对性能的影响分析

为了将混联ISD悬架工程化,提出一种液力惯容器和油气弹簧结合的混联ISD悬架设计方案.针对工程化过程中产生的寄生阻尼和附加刚度可能会恶化悬架性能的问题,建立包含惯容器寄生阻尼和油气弹簧附加刚度在内的1/4工程化混联ISD悬架模型.通过仿真计算,分析寄生阻尼和附加刚度对悬架性能的影响,并利用多目标优化方法,对寄生阻尼和附加刚度进行优化设计.结果表明,与混联ISD悬架相比,工程化混联ISD悬架的车身加速度、悬架动行程和轮胎动载荷功率谱密度低频共振峰值分别下降了9.1%,65.9%,11.8%,均方根值分别降低了1.6%,3.9%,1.1%.可见,在混联ISD悬架的工程化设计中,通过优化设计,将寄生阻尼和附加刚度控制在合理水平,能使工程化前后悬架性能基本一致.      

Enemy-induced dispersal in a parasitic wasp

Females of the parasitic waspAphidius uzbekistanicus, a specialist aphid primary parasitoid, react to the presence of their specialist hyperparasitoid enemyAlloxysta victrix by leaving the area. The wasps leave to increase their reproductive success, because only their offspring, but not the wasps themselves, are threatened by enemy attack. Furthermore, this dispersal is elicited through the action of volatile chemical cues produced by the hyperparasitoids. We provide evidence for 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one being one of the volatiles eliciting dispersal. The tendency of the wasps to leave areas which are being colonized by their enemies reduces their efficiency as aphid antagonists.     

An immune response-dependent mechanism for the vertical transmission of an entomopathogen

Summary An exceptionally efficient mechanism for the vertical transmission of a parasitic gregarine is dependent on the insect host's immune response. Gametocysts ofAscogregarina chagasi on the genital accessory glands of adult female sand flies (Lutzomyia longipalpis) become encapsulated through hemocyte-mediated immune reactions. Oocysts ofA. chagasi, ejected into the lumen of the glands owing to pressure exerted by this capsule, become glued to eggshells and are subsequently ingested by larvae. InL. longipalpis with an experimentally suppressed encapsulation reaction, fewer accessory glands contained oocysts ofA. chagasi.     

全轮驱动车辆寄生功率循环问题的探讨

对无轴间差速器的全轮驱动车辆运动不协调现象进行了研究，指出了车辆行驶理论中寄生功率循环概念的不妥之处。用牵引动力学的概念分析了运动不协调的各种工况，提出了滑移损耗功率的概率并导出了其计算式。     

The morphology and biology of the entomophilic Thripinema fuscum (Tylenchida: Allantonematidae), and the histopathological effects of parasitism on the host Frankliniella fusca (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)

We used light and electron microscopy to detail the in vivo life cycle of the nematode Thripinema fuscum and to determine the effects of parasitism on tissues of the thrips host Frankliniella fusca. The parasitic T. fuscum female produced eggs within 4–5 days after ingress and the host haemocoele became packed with eggs and developing juvenile nematodes. Mature juveniles migrated to the hindgut and fully developed juveniles first emerged from the posterior end of the male or female F. fusca 9 days after parasitization. Parasitization induced a displacement of the host alimentary tract, an atrophy of the ovaries and fat body, and an alteration of energy and waste reserves in host tissues. Our observations reveal a specialized relationship showing that this parasite is well adapted to exploit the host digestive, reproductive and excretory systems.     

滤波器寄生参数消除技术的应用

现代煤矿中的高次谐波和电磁脉冲,会干扰监控系统对瓦斯信号的检测.电磁干扰滤波器能有效地抑制干扰,但无源元件的高频寄生参数严重影响了其抑制干扰的能力,需予以消除.分析电缆对瓦斯信号的干扰、寄生参数变化对滤波器性能的影响以及滤波器寄生参数的抑制措施;通过对电磁耦合的分析、电路的仿真与计算,验证滤波器对干扰的实际抑制效果.实现矿井滤波设备的集成、成本的降低,有效减小电磁干扰对瓦斯信号的影响.避免因干扰产生的高值断电、信号误动作、通讯中断等造成的矿井安全隐患.