The parasitoid complex and parasitoid‐induced mortality of spiders (Araneae) in a Central European woodland

The parasitoid complex of spiders was studied in three different sites of a forest and, for comparison, in open habitats in north‐western Lower Saxony (Germany). Qualitative data and, for four spider species, detailed quantitative rearing data were obtained. At least 25 parasitoids of spiders were recorded (23 species of Hymenoptera and two species of Diptera). External parasitoids of spiders were rare in the woodlands; only up to 1% of the spiders collected by hand searching and sweep netting had ectoparasitoids. During the investigation 23 parasitoid species were reared from spider egg masses, 10 of them occurring in woodlands. Two species were secondary parasitoids. Several parasitoid–host relationships were recorded for the first time. Egg masses of Floronia bucculenta were parasitized up to 5% by two species of the genus Gelis. Up to 10% of the egg masses of Linyphia hortensis were parasitized by Aclastus species. Egg masses of the spider genus Ero were parasitized by three species, causing an overall mortality of 40%. For egg masses of Agroeca spp. parasitization at some locations was up to 60%. An overview of the Central European parasitoid complex of spiders is provided.     

The molecular epidemiology of parasites

Summary The explosion of new techniques, made available by the rapid advance in molecular biology, has provided a battery of novel approaches and technology which can be applied to more practical issues such as the epidemiology of parasites. In this review, we discuss the ways in which this new field of molecular epidemiology has contributed to and corroborated our existing knowledge of parasite epidemiology. Similar epidemiological questions can be asked about many different types of parasites and, using detailed examples such as the African trypanosomes and theLeishmania parasites, we discuss the techniques and the methodologies that have been or could be employed to solve many of these epidemiological problems.     

Experimentally induced circular dominance relationships in a polygynous Polistes (Polistes dominulus Christ) wasp colony

Circular dominance relationships were set up in polygynous Polistes wasp colonies at the pre-emergence phase, by making use of the effects of priority of residence. The results are discussed in relation to various models which have been proposed to explain social dominance.     

我国当前重要人体食源性寄生虫病原

为考察我国当前重要人体食源性寄生虫病原的种类、新的流行感染方式和感染途径．本文论述了我国近几年出现的重要食源性人兽共患寄生虫病原种类，介绍病原的感染来源、感染途径和感染方式．结果经统计发现有29种食源性寄生虫病原．这些寄生虫病原的感染来源主要通过日常食物污染，经口随食物感染，并且多数为人兽共患寄生虫病原．     

RIZ 100K-01/A 型大功率短波发射机射频放大器的稳定措施

发射机射频放大器的“稳定”问题十分重要, 它是保证发射机正常运行和优质播出的前提。简要介绍了大功率短波发射机射频放大系统构成特点和“稳定”特殊要求; 详细分析我国从RIZ公司进口的100kW, PDM 大功率短波发射机射频放大系统的稳定措施。     

A new scale insect host family (Hemiptera: Asterolecaniidae) for Aphytis (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) in China

Aphytis wasps are among the most important natural enemies of scale insects, and armoured scale insects (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) have generally been considered as the only hosts of the genus Aphytis. Host records from non-diaspidids have been considered erroneous by most authors. A new scale insect host, Bambusaspis notabilis (Russell), however, belonging to Asterolecaniidae (Hemiptera), has been found as the host of a new Aphytis species in our field investigations. Aphytis bambusaspis Wang, Huang & Polaszek sp. nov. is described and illustrated, and detailed photographs of the key characters of the female and male of the new species are provided. Type specimens are deposited in Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China and Natural History Museum, London, UK. Previously published host records of Asterolecaniidae are reviewed.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0BE6DB64-CB75-466A-B974-8A620FAFEA1E     

不同时期美国白蛾蛹的死亡率研究

通过对聊城地区美国白蛾越冬代和第一代蛹进行死亡率、寄生率、性别比例的调查统计,研究了美国白蛾Hlyphantria cunea(Drury)的发生危害程度与不同时期蛹死亡率之间的关系.结果表明:2011年越冬蛹的死亡率比2010年上升27.1%、寄生率上升6%,雌雄性别比例由1.22下降至0.89,主要的寄生性昆虫天敌有舞毒蛾黑瘤姬蜂Coccygomimus disparis(Viereck)及两种未鉴定的昆虫,分别隶属于姬小蜂科和蝇科,并以舞毒蛾黑瘤姬蜂为优势种;2011年第一代蛹死亡率较越冬代低41%,未发现寄生天敌.分析认为美国白蛾有逐步被本地生态系统同化现象,可能与天敌数量种类增多、生态系统生态补偿机制等有关.     

平面回路型偶极子宽频带阻抗特性的优化

用优化方法研究了回路形状对平面回路型偶极子宽频带阻抗特性的影响，发现圆形为最佳回路形状，给出了用此种偶极子构成具有宽频带阻抗特性的寄生阵天线的实例。     

基于软件集成平台的平面变压器优化设计

针对平面变压器绕组特殊结构,提出了一种基于iSIGHT软件集成平台的平面变压器优化设计方法.将电磁仿真软件Maxwell 3D和电路仿真软件Saber通过优化软件iSIGHT进行集成,研究了平面变压器的寄生效应,通过改变平面变压器原边与副边绕组之间的绝缘层厚度,调节绕组各寄生参数的大小,实现了降低危及开关安全运行的电压尖峰,改善开关电源的性能,最终获得平面变压器的最优设计,并通过仿真分析来验证理论分析的正确性.     

基于量纲分析的冲击波测量加速度寄生效应研究

为了得到冲击波压力测量中的高加速度寄生输出规律,使用量纲分析理论建立了测压结构加速度响应与冲击波参数及结构尺寸的关系模型,通过Ls-dyna仿真并进一步线性拟合得到模型中的未知参数;最后在冲击波实际测量环境中对模型进行了验证试验。结果表明,加速度效应峰值与压力峰值与结构尺寸有关,结构半径与厚度越大,加速度峰值越小,冲击波压力越大,加速度峰值越大;加速度寄生效应周期只与结构尺寸有关;该模型可用于估算冲击波测点传感器加速度寄生输出峰值及周期,可用于评估测压结构的加速度寄生效应。